Functional Types of Acute Renal Failure and Their Early Diagnosis

Renal Failure in Laennec's Cirrhosis. Ii. Simultaneous Determination of Cardiac Output and Renal Hemodynamics*

“…Fourth, the concentration of the urine is generally well maintained early in the course of renal failure and may remain up to three times the concentration of plasma until death (1). Fifth, the concentration of sodium in the urine is low, generally less than 10 mEq per L (5), an observation consistent with decreased renal perfusion (6), and in contrast to that in the urine in acute tubular necrosis, where the concentration of sodium is usually higher than 60 mEq per L (7). Sixth, some patients with cirrhosis in renal failure respond to the administration of certain pressor drugs with an increase in renal excretion of total solutes, sodium and potassium as well as a larger volume of more dilute urine (8).…”