Functional traits of individual varieties as determinants of growth and nitrogen use patterns in mixed stands of willow (Salix spp.)

Weih, Martin; Nordh, Nils‐Erik; Manzoni, Stefano; Hoeber, Stefanie

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118605

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The 2-year-old Salix stems used were derived from a short rotation plantation experiment on arable land in Uppsala, Central Sweden (59° 49′ N, 17° 39′ E) [ 11 ], September 2020. The Salix varieties were taxonomically distinct at species or genotype level and included two full siblings ‘Björn’ ( Salix schwerinii E. Wolf.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of the gelatinous layer in tension wood of Salix varieties as a measure of accessible cellulose for biofuels

Gao

Jebrane

Terzıev

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Salix (willow) species represent an important source of bioenergy and offer great potential for producing biofuels. Salix spp. like many hardwoods, produce tension wood (TW) characterized by special fibres (G-fibres) that produce a cellulose-rich lignin-free gelatinous (G) layer on the inner fibre cell wall. Presence of increased amounts of TW and G-fibres represents an increased source of cellulose. In the present study, the presence of TW in whole stems of different Salix varieties was characterized (i.e., physical measurements, histochemistry, image analysis, and microscopy) as a possible marker for the availability of freely available cellulose and potential for releasing d-glucose. Stem cross sections from different Salix varieties (Tora, Björn) were characterized for TW, and subjected to cellulase hydrolysis with the free d-glucose produced determined using a glucose oxidase/peroxidase (GOPOD) assay. Effect of cellulase on the cross sections and progressive hydrolysis of the G-layer was followed using light microscopy after staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Tension wood fibres with G-layers were developed multilaterally in all stems studied. Salix TW from varieties Tora and Björn showed fibre G-layers were non-lignified with variable thickness. Results showed: (i) Differences in total % TW at different stem heights; (ii) that using a 3-day incubation period at 50 °C, the G-layers could be hydrolyzed with no apparent ultrastructural effects on lignified secondary cell wall layers and middle lamellae of other cell elements; and (iii) that by correlating the amount of d-glucose produced from cross sections at different stem heights together with total % TW and density, an estimate of the total free d-glucose in stems can be derived and compared between varieties. These values were used together with a literature value (45%) for estimating the contribution played by G-layer cellulose to the total cellulose content. Conclusions The stem section-enzyme method developed provides a viable approach to compare different Salix varieties ability to produce TW and thus freely available d-glucose for fermentation and biofuel production. The use of Salix stem cross sections rather than comminuted biomass allows direct correlation between tissue- and cell types with d-glucose release. Results allowed correlation between % TW in cross sections and entire Salix stems with d-glucose production from digested G-layers. Results further emphasize the importance of TW and G-fibre cellulose as an important marker for enhanced d-glucose release in Salix varieties.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…× S. viminalis L.) and ‘Tora’ ( S. schwerinii × S. viminalis ) as well as ‘Jorr’ ( S. viminalis ) and ‘Loden’ ( S. dasyclados Wimm. ), the latter most distinct in terms of taxonomy from the other three varieties [ 11 ]. The stems were selected from a randomized plot, cut ca.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic hydrolysis of the gelatinous layer in tension wood of Salix varieties as a measure of accessible cellulose for biofuels

Gao

Jebrane

Terzıev

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The two year old Salix stems used were derived from a short rotation plantation experiment on arable land in Uppsala, Central Sweden (59° 49′ N, 17° 39′ E) [11], September 2020. The Salix varieties were taxonomically distinct at species or genotype level and included 'Björn' (Salixschwerinii E. Wolf.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…× S. viminalis L.) and 'Tora' (S. schwerinii × S. viminalis) and two full-siblings 'Jorr' (S. viminalis) and 'Loden' (S. dasyclados Wimm. ), the latter most distinct in terms of taxonomy from the other three varieties [11]. The stems were selected from a randomized plot, cut ca.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Enzymatic hydrolysis of the gelatinous layer in tension wood of Salix varieties as a measure of accessible cellulose for biofuels

Gao

Jebrane

Terzıev

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Salix (willow) species represent an important source of bioenergy and offer great potential for producing biofuels. Salix spp. like many hardwoods, produce tension wood (TW) characterized by special fibres (G-fibres) that produce a cellulose-rich lignin-free gelatinous (G) layer on the inner fibre cell wall. Presence of increased amounts of TW and G-fibres represents an increase source of cellulose. In the presence study, the presence of TW in whole stems of different Salix varieties was characterized (i.e. physical measurements, histochemistry, image analysis, and microscopy) as a possible marker for the availability of freely available cellulose and potential for releasing D-glucose. Stem cross-sections from different Salix varieties (Tora, Björn) were characterized for TW, and subjected to cellulase hydrolysis with the free D-glucose produced determined using a glucose oxidase/peroxidase (GOPOD) assay. Effect of cellulase on the cross-sections and progressive hydrolysis of the G-layer was followed using light microscopy after staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results allowed correlation between % TW in cross-sections and entire Salix stems with D-glucose production from digested G-layers. Results Tension wood fibres with G-layers were developed multilaterally in all stems studied. Salix TW from varieties Tora and Björn showed fibre G-layers were non-lignified with variable in thickness. Results showed: i) Differences in total % TW at different stem heights; ii) that by using a 3-day incubation period at 50 oC, the G-layers could be hydrolyzed with no apparent ultrastructural effects on lignified secondary cell wall layers and middle lamellae of other cell elements; iii) that by correlating the amount of D-glucose produced from cross-sections at different stem heights together with total % TW and density, an estimate of the total free D-glucose in stems can be derived and compared between varieties. These values were used together with a literature value (45 %) for estimating the contribution played by G-layer cellulose to the total cellulose content. Conclusions The stem section-enzyme method developed provides a viable approach to compare different Salix varieties ability to produce TW and thus freely available D-glucose for fermentation and biofuel production. The use of Salix stem cross-sections rather than comminuted biomass allows direct correlation between tissue- and cell types with D-glucose release. Results further emphasize the importance of TW and G-fibre cellulose as an important marker for enhanced D-glucose release in Salix varieties.

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Interactions of nutrient and water availability control growth and diversity effects in a Salix two‐species mixture

et al. 2022

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Plant growth is constrained by resource availability and interactions among limiting resources-abundance in one resource (e.g., nutrients) might promote growth, thereby causing the depletion of other resources (e.g., water), potentially inducing stress or mortality. In a diverse plant community, complementary resource use has been hypothesized to increase the overall productivity, but how diversity effects vary with interacting water and nutrient limitation and through time is not known. Here, we address this knowledge gap in a controlled pot experiment where species composition (two Salix species in monoculture or mixture), nutrient addition, and watering frequency (for fixed total water inputs) were varied during two growing seasons.High nutrient availability promoted plant growth and nitrogen accumulation at the pot scale, as well as increased allocation aboveground, but also triggered more intense water stress and mortality, as larger plants depleted soil water during warm periods. Supplying water more frequently slightly alleviated water stress under high nutrient availability, thus promoting growth and nitrogen accumulation. The species mixtures performed better than the average of the mixture constituents (positive net diversity effects) and increasingly so through time. The complementarity and selection effects, respectively, increased and decreased under both high nutrient availability and high watering frequency. Overall, these results suggest that as plants grow larger, plant interactions and resource partitioning intensify, causing the positive diversity effects, but also that drought consequences might be exacerbated in plant communities rapidly growing thanks to high nutrient supply.

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Functional traits of individual varieties as determinants of growth and nitrogen use patterns in mixed stands of willow (Salix spp.)

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Enzymatic hydrolysis of the gelatinous layer in tension wood of Salix varieties as a measure of accessible cellulose for biofuels

Enzymatic hydrolysis of the gelatinous layer in tension wood of Salix varieties as a measure of accessible cellulose for biofuels

Enzymatic hydrolysis of the gelatinous layer in tension wood of Salix varieties as a measure of accessible cellulose for biofuels

Interactions of nutrient and water availability control growth and diversity effects in a Salix two‐species mixture

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