Functional Thyrotropin Receptor Expression in the Pituitary Folliculo-Stellate Cell Line TtT/GF

Brokken, Leon J. S.; Bakker, O.; Wiersinga, W. M.; Prummel, M. F.

doi:10.1055/s-2004-830516

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Fig. 2a shows recognition by the antibody of the holoreceptor (100 kDa) and the A subunit (weak bands around 62 kDa), as well as a doublet of unclear origin at 52 kDa, a pattern that has been previously described in numerous reports (Misrahi et al 1994, Chazenbalk et al 1996, Brokken et al 2005. The appearance of TSHR on western blot was identical in the thyroid and the melanoma cells.…”

Section: Human Melanoma Cells Express Tshrmentioning

confidence: 51%

Human melanoma cells express functional receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone

Ellerhorst¹,

Sendi-Naderi²,

Johnson³

et al. 2006

Endocr Relat Cancer

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We have reported a high prevalence of hypothyroidism in the cutaneous melanoma population, suggesting that the pathologic hormonal environment of hypothyroidism promotes melanoma growth. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that TSH, which circulates at elevated levels in hypothyroid individuals, stimulates the growth of melanoma cells. Our results show that TSH receptors (TSHR) are expressed by virtually all cutaneous melanocytic lesions, including benign nevi, dysplastic nevi, and melanomas, with higher expression found in malignant and premalignant lesions. The finding of TSHR expression by human tumors is confirmed in cultured melanoma cells and melanocytes, in which TSHR expression is demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining, western blotting, and reverse transcriptase-PCR. Melanoma TSHR are functional, as evidenced by the ability of TSH to induce the formation of cAMP and to activate the mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Cultured melanoma cells, but not melanocytes, are induced to proliferate at a physiologically relevant concentration of TSH. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that TSH is a growth factor for human melanoma. Our findings have broad clinical implications for the prevention of melanoma and the management of established disease.

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Section: Human Melanoma Cells Express Tshrmentioning

confidence: 51%

Human melanoma cells express functional receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone

Ellerhorst¹,

Sendi-Naderi²,

Johnson³

et al. 2006

Endocr Relat Cancer

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“…On the other hand, the occurrence of TSH receptors in a subpopulation of FS cells also expressing MHC-class II receptors (29) points to a possible role of these receptors in the immune accessory function of this FS cell subpopulation. Functional TSH receptors are also found in TtT/GF cells; these, however, are not coupled to cAMP or inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate pathways, but probably signal through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a pathway (30). Interestingly, Horvath & Kovacs (37) observed a marked activation and increase in number and size of FS cells in areas of ongoing immune destruction in lymphocytic hypophysitis, supporting their immune role.…”

Section: New Perspectives In Fs Cell Physiologymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This electrically coupled FS cell network was suggested to provide a mechanism for long-distance communication in the anterior pituitary in response to physiological stimuli (28). The finding of thyrotropin (TSH) receptors expressed in a subpopulation of FS cells in situ and in cell lines also opened a new perspective on ultra-short feedback loop regulation by FS cells of TSH secretion (29,30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History and perspectives of pituitary folliculo-stellate cell research

Allaerts¹,

Vankelecom²

2005

eur j endocrinol

157

129

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Historically, the study of folliculo-stellate (FS) cells of the anterior pituitary dates back to the onset of electron microscopical observation of the pituitary gland. The morphological and electrophysiological characteristics, topographical distribution and contribution to intercellular junctions of these FS cells have been instrumental to the understanding of their putative function. Moreover, many studies have documented the role of FS cells as a source of newly discovered peptides, growth factors and cytokines. Quantitative immunohistochemical observation of FS cells in situ and functional in vitro studies, using either cultured FS cells or cells from an immortalized FS cell line, forwarded the notion of immunophenotypical and functional heterogeneity of the FS cell group. Double immunolabeling with a classical FS cell marker (S-100 protein) and with major histocompatibility complex class II markers characteristic for dendritic cells (DC) have shown a considerable overlap of FS cells with DC. The latter cells are immunocompetent cells belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system. In this review, the FS cell heterogeneity is discussed with respect to the question of their embryological origin and developmental fate and with respect to the physiological relevance of functionally heterogeneous subpopulations. Recent findings of a myeloid origin of part of the interstitial cells of the anterior pituitary are confronted by other developmental paradigms of pituitary cell differentiation. The possibility that FS cells represent an adult stem cell population of the pituitary is critically examined. Also the physiological role of FS cells in the interferon-g-and nitric oxide-mediated effects on pituitary hormone secretion is discussed. New approaches for the study of this enigmatic cell group using immortalized cell lines and new markers for an hitherto unrecognized pituitary cell population, the so-called 'side population', are evaluated.

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“…Such a role may be observed in the human pituitary gland, where GPA2 and GPB5 co-localize (Nagasaki et al 2006). Interestingly, TSHR is also present on folliculo-stellate cells of the human anterior pituitary (Brokken et al 2005).…”

Section: Th E Unique Structure Of Thyrostimulinmentioning

confidence: 84%

The role of thyrostimulin and its potential clinical significance

Karponis

Ananth

2017

Endocrine Regulations

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Th yrostimulin is a glycoprotein heterodimer of GPA2 and GPB5, fi rst described in 2002. It is involved in the physiological function of several tissues. Moreover, evidence points towards the ability of thyrostimulin's individual monomers to induce a biological eff ect, which could denote the circulatory/systemic eff ects of the molecule when found in higher concentrations. From the evolutionary point of view, thyrostimulin shares a binding epitope with the thyroid-stimulating hormone for the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, whilst possessing affi nity for another unique binding site on the same receptor. Although thyrostimulin can be involved in the hypothalamicpituitary-thyroid axis, its presence in various tissues in an eclectic array of diff erent species renders it multifunctional. From weight loss via increasing metabolic rate to progression of cancer in human ovaries, it is certainly not a signaling molecule to overlook. Furthermore, thyrostimulin has been implicated in bone metabolism, acute illness, and reproductive function. In summary, to our knowledge, this is the fi rst review dealing with the physiological role of thyrostimulin and its potential applications in the clinical practice.

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Functional Thyrotropin Receptor Expression in the Pituitary Folliculo-Stellate Cell Line TtT/GF

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

Human melanoma cells express functional receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone

Human melanoma cells express functional receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone

History and perspectives of pituitary folliculo-stellate cell research

The role of thyrostimulin and its potential clinical significance

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