Functional roles of effectors of plant-parasitic nematodes

Haegeman, Annelies; Mantelin, Sophie; Jones, John T.; Gheysen, Godelieve

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2011.10.040

Cited by 216 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(259 reference statements)

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“…Cell wall-related genes Root-knot nematodes are known to secrete enzymes into infected plant root tissues that are involved in cell wall degradation or modification during giant cell formation (Haegeman et al, 2012). Similarly, plant genes encoding hydrolases such as endoglucanases, pectinases and expansins are also commonly upregulated following nematode infection, facilitating the establishment of feeding sites (Gheysen and Mitchum, 2009).…”

Section: Genes Involved In Cell Metabolism and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression analysis inMusa acuminataduring compatible interactions withMeloidogyne incognita

Castañeda

Alves

Almeida

et al. 2017

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Endoparasitic root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) cause considerable losses in banana (Musa spp.), with Meloidogyne incognita a predominant species in Cavendish sub-group bananas. This study investigates the root transcriptome in Musa acuminata genotypes 4297-06 (AA) and Cavendish Grande Naine (CAV; AAA) during early compatible interactions with M. incognita.Methods Roots were analysed by brightfield light microscopy over a 35 d period to examine nematode penetration and morphological cell transformation. RNA samples were extracted 3, 7 and 10 days after inoculation (DAI) with nematode J2 juveniles, and cDNA libraries were sequenced using lllumina HiSeq technology. Sequences were mapped to the M. acuminata ssp. malaccensis var. Pahang genome sequence, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified and transcript representation determined by gene set enrichment and pathway mapping.Key Results Microscopic analysis revealed a life cycle of M. incognita completing in 24 d in CAV and 27 d in 4279-06. Comparable numbers of DEGs were up-and downregulated in each genotype, with potential involvement of many in early host defence responses involving reactive oxygen species and jasmonate/ethylene signalling. DEGs revealed concomitant auxin metabolism and cell wall modification processes likely to be involved in giant cell formation. Notable transcripts related to host defence included those coding for leucine-rich repeat receptorlike serine/threonine-protein kinases, peroxidases, thaumatin-like pathogenesis-related proteins, and DREB, ERF, MYB, NAC and WRKY transcription factors. Transcripts related to giant cell development included indole acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.8 genes, involved in auxin metabolism, as well as genes encoding expansins and hydrolases, involved in cell wall modification.Conclusions Expression analysis in M. acuminata during compatible interactions with RKNs provides insights into genes modulated during infection and giant cell formation. Increased understanding of both defence responses to limit parasitism during compatible interactions and effector-targeted host genes in this complex interaction will facilitate the development of genetic improvement measures for RKNs.

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Section: Genes Involved In Cell Metabolism and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression analysis inMusa acuminataduring compatible interactions withMeloidogyne incognita

Castañeda

Alves

Almeida

et al. 2017

Ann Bot

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“…Thin-walled metabolically very active cambial cells may serve for nematode feeding during the infection process. In fact, it is now well-known that nematode secretions are rich in cell wall degrading enzymes such as the b-1,4-and b-1,3-glucanases, pectate lyase and also expansins and cellulose-binding proteins (Haegeman et al 2012;Shinya et al 2013a, b). In the current study, nematode secretions may have influenced greatly in vitro shoot PWD symptom Fig.…”

Section: P Pinaster Plantlets Shoots and Co-cultures Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease

Faria

Sena

Silva

et al. 2015

Planta

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Main conclusion Co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were established as a biotechnological tool to evaluate the effect of nematotoxics addition in a host/parasite culture system.The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), was detected for the first time in Europe in 1999 spreading throughout the pine forests in Portugal and recently in Spain. Plant in vitro cultures may be a useful experimental system to investigate the plant/nematode relationships in loco, thus avoiding the difficulties of field assays. In this study, Pinus pinaster in vitro cultures were established and compared to in vivo 1 year-old plantlets by analyzing shoot structure and volatiles production. In vitro co-cultures were established with the PWN and the effect of the phytoparasite on in vitro shoot structure, water content and volatiles production was evaluated. In vitro shoots showed similar structure and volatiles production to in vivo maritime pine plantlets. The first macroscopic symptoms of PWD were observed about 4 weeks after in vitro co-culture establishment. Nematode population in the culture medium increased and PWNs were detected in gaps of the callus tissue and in cavities developed from the degradation of cambial cells. In terms of volatiles main components, plantlets, P. pinaster cultures, and P. pinaster with B. xylophilus co-cultures were all b-and a-pinene rich. Cocultures may be an easy-to-handle biotechnological approach to study this pathology, envisioning the understanding of and finding ways to restrain this highly devastating nematode.

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“…Secretions produced by sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes such as G. rostochiensis are thought to be instrumental in the formation of the feeding site (Haegeman et al, 2012). The nematodes use an oral stylet to deliver these secretions into the apoplast and the cytoplasm of host cells (Hussey, 1989;Davis et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effector SPRYSEC-19 ofGlobodera rostochiensisSuppresses CC-NB-LRR-Mediated Disease Resistance in Plants

et al. 2012

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The potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis invades roots of host plants where it transforms cells near the vascular cylinder into a permanent feeding site. The host cell modifications are most likely induced by a complex mixture of proteins in the stylet secretions of the nematodes. Resistance to nematodes conferred by nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins usually results in a programmed cell death in and around the feeding site, and is most likely triggered by the recognition of effectors in stylet secretions. However, the actual role of these secretions in the activation and suppression of effector-triggered immunity is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the effector SPRYSEC-19 of G. rostochiensis physically associates in planta with the LRR domain of a member of the SW5 resistance gene cluster in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).

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Functional roles of effectors of plant-parasitic nematodes

Cited by 216 publications

References 183 publications

Gene expression analysis inMusa acuminataduring compatible interactions withMeloidogyne incognita

Gene expression analysis inMusa acuminataduring compatible interactions withMeloidogyne incognita

In vitro co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease

The Effector SPRYSEC-19 ofGlobodera rostochiensisSuppresses CC-NB-LRR-Mediated Disease Resistance in Plants

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