The Effector SPRYSEC-19 of<i>Globodera rostochiensis</i>Suppresses CC-NB-LRR-Mediated Disease Resistance in Plants

Postma, W.J.; Slootweg, E.J.; Rehman, Sajid Ur; Finkers-Tomczak, A.M.; Tytgat, Tom; Gelderen, Kasper van; Lozano‐Torres, Jose L.; Roosien, J.; Pomp, Rikus; Schaik, Casper van; Bakker, J.; Goverse, A.; Smant, G.

doi:10.1104/pp.112.200188

Cited by 96 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…100) identiied by transcriptome proiling in Meloidogyne enterolobii suppressed BAX-induced programmed cell death suggesting their roles as plant immune modulators for nematode infection [72]. The SPRY (SPla and the RYanodine Receptor) protein domain is most likely a scafold for mediating protein-protein interactions [73]. SPRY efectors from Globedera spp.…”

Section: Nematode Parasitism Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Agriculture and Methods of Control

Bernard¹,

Egnin²,

Bonsi³

2017

Nematology - Concepts, Diagnosis and Control

109

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Plant-parasitic nematodes are costly burdens of crop production. Ubiquitous in nature, phytoparasitic nematodes are associated with nearly every important agricultural crop and represent a signiicant constraint on global food security. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cyst nematodes (Heterodera and Globodera spp.) and lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) rank at the top of list of the most economically and scientiically important species due to their intricate relationship with the host plants, wide host range, and the level of damage ensued by infection. Limitations on the use of chemical pesticides have brought increasing interest in studies on alternative methods of nematode control. Among these strategies of nonchemical nematode management is the identiication and implementation of host resistance. In addition, nematode genes involved in parasitism represent key targets for the development of control through gene silencing methods such as RNA interference. Recently, transcriptome proiling analyses has been used to distinguish nematode resistant and susceptible genotypes and identify the speciic molecular components and pathways triggered during the plant immune response to nematode invasion. This summary highlights the importance of plant-parasitic nematodes in agriculture and the molecular events involved in plant-nematode interactions.

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Section: Nematode Parasitism Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Agriculture and Methods of Control

Bernard¹,

Egnin²,

Bonsi³

2017

Nematology - Concepts, Diagnosis and Control

109

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“…However, another M. incognita gene, Cg-1, was confirmed as an Avr gene corresponding to the Mi-1 resistance gene in tomato (Gleason et al, 2008). Moreover, SPRYSEC-19 (Rehman et al, 2009;Postma et al, 2012), Gp-Rbp-1 (Blanchard et al, 2005;Sacco et al, 2009) and Gr-VAP1 are some other examples of nematode effector proteins involved in incompatible plantnematode interactions.…”

Section: Parasitomes/secretomes and Parasitism Genes Of The Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cell wall degrading enzymes help the infective J2 nematodes to migrate through the plant roots by softening the cell wall. The effector proteins include CLAVATA3 (CLV3) /ESR (CLE) -like (Wang et al, 2005;Patel et al, 2008;Lu et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2010a;Wang et al, 2010b), SPRY domain-containing (SPRYSEC) effector proteins (Huang et al, 2006;Rehman et al, 2009;Sacco et al, 2009;Postma et al, 2012), Mi-EFF1 (Jaouannet et al, 2012), calreticulin Mi-CRT (Jaubert et al, 2002;Jaubert et al, 2005;Jaouannet et al, 2013), and Hs19C07 (Lee et al, 2011). These proteins are involved in plant-nematode compatible interactions by suppressing the defense mechanisms of host plants in some cases.…”

Section: Parasitomes/secretomes and Parasitism Genes Of The Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-nematode Interactions: From Genomics to Metabolomics

Ali¹,

Abbas²,

Azeem³

et al. 2015

IJAB

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Plant parasitic nematodes are obligate parasites causing serious reduction in crop yields. Several economically important species parasitize various plant species, but the root knot and cyst nematodes belonging to the Heteroderidae family are especially dangerous. Plant parasitic nematodes result in crop losses of over $150 billion worldwide. This review gives an account of morpho-physiological and molecular events during parasitism of root-knot and cyst nematodes. It describes the transcriptomes and parasitomes of various nematodes indicating that the effector proteins are crucial for the compatible plant nematode interactions. Various sequencing techniques used in plant-nematode genomics and transcriptomics are discussed. Moreover, the dynamics of host transcriptomes in response to infection with different nematode species have been reported. The host transcriptomes have unrevealed many candidate genes, which are involved in both compatible and incompatible plant nematode interactions. The strategy of manipulation of expression of the genes induced and suppressed by the nematodes in the feeding sites has also been suggested for enhancement of resistance against nematodes. This review will provide the researchers with the information regarding transcriptional changes in the nematodes as well as host plants, which would be important for the induction of resistance against nematodes in different crop plants.

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“…22 The complexity of the interplay between SPRYSEC effectors and plant resistance genes was further highlighted when SPRYSEC-19 was shown to suppress Gpa2-GpRBP1 mediated programmed cell death. 23 In some cases, the nematode effectors play a role in the cytoplasm in the region of the plasma membrane. Co-localization studies in vivo by bimolecular fluorescence complementation have shown that the effector Hs19C07, which is secreted by the CN H. schachtii, interacts with the transmembrane auxin influx transporter LAX3 at the plasma membrane, 24 most probably to manipulate auxin influx and allow the differentiation of the feeding cell as previously anticipated.…”

Section: Cytoplasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectors of root sedentary nematodes target diverse plant cell compartments to manipulate plant functions and promote infection

Jaouannet

Rosso

2013

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes maintain a biotrophic relationship with their hosts over a period of several weeks and induce the differentiation of root cells into specialized feeding cells. nematode effectors, which are synthesized in the esophageal glands and injected into the plant tissue through the syringe-like stylet, play a central role in these processes. Previous work on nematode effectors has shown that the apoplasm is targeted during invasion of the host while the cytoplasm is targeted during the induction and the maintenance of the feeding site. A large number of candidate effectors potentially secreted by the nematode into the plant tissues to promote infection have now been identified. This work has shown that the targeting and the role of effectors are more complex than previously thought. This review will not cover the prolific recent findings in nematode effector function but will instead focus on recent selected examples that illustrate the variety of plant cell compartments that effectors are addressed to in order reach their plant targets. Effectors of root sedentary nematodes target diverse plant cell compartments to manipulate plant functions and promote infectionMaëlle Jaouannet 1 Although different species infect a variety of plant organs most species are restricted to roots. The most intensively studied are the sedentary root endoparasites; the root-knot nematodes (RKN) and cyst nematodes (CN), which are the most damaging species worldwide. An intriguing aspect of RKN and CN infection is the ability of these obligate parasites to hijack plant cell fate and induce the redifferentiation of root cells, generally in the elongation zone, into specialized feeding cells, called giant-cells in the case of RKN and syncytia in the case of CN. These cells are enlarged, multinucleate and metabolically hyperactive cells that provide the nutrients required ensuringcompletion of the parasite life cycle. 2Although there are superficial similarities between the feeding structures induced by RKN and CN, they have entirely different ontogenies and are thought to have evolved independently. A remarkable feature of parasitism by RKN and CN is the ability of these parasites to maintain a long-lasting biotrophic interaction with the host (up to 6 weeks) that allows withdrawal of nutrients from the cytoplasm of living plant cells until the progeny are produced. Plant-endoparasitic nematode interactions therefore provide a fascinating model for the study of fundamental aspects of plant cell differentiation and plant defense suppression by the pathogen.Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie plant-nematode interactions is expanding and we are beginning to decipher the means by which the pathogen manipulates host plant cells. Effector proteins, secreted into host tissues by the nematode, are one of the key components of the molecular dialog leading to successful infection. Effectors can be defined as the molecules secreted by the pathogen that alter host-cell physiology to promote infectio...

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The Effector SPRYSEC-19 ofGlobodera rostochiensisSuppresses CC-NB-LRR-Mediated Disease Resistance in Plants

Cited by 96 publications

References 62 publications

The Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Agriculture and Methods of Control

The Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Agriculture and Methods of Control

Plant-nematode Interactions: From Genomics to Metabolomics

Effectors of root sedentary nematodes target diverse plant cell compartments to manipulate plant functions and promote infection

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