Functional Response of Eretmocerus delhiensis on Trialeurodes vaporariorum by Parasitism and Host Feeding

Abstract

The parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) is a thelytokous and syn-ovigenic parasitoid. To evaluate E. delhiensis as a biocontrol agent in greenhouse, the killing efficiency of this parasitoid by parasitism and host-feeding, were studied. Killing efficiency can be compared by estimation of functional response parameters. Laboratory experiments were performed in controllable conditions to evaluate the functional response of E. delhiensis at eight densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 100, and 120 third nymphal stage) of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) on two hosts including; tomato and prickly lettuce. The maximum likelihood estimates from regression logistic analysis revealed type II functional response for two host plants and the type of functional response was not affected by host plant. Roger’s model was used to fit the data. The attack rate (a) for E. delhiensis was 0.0286 and 0.0144 per hour on tomato and 0.0434 and 0.0170 per hour on prickly lettuce for parasitism and host feeding, respectively. Furthermore, estimated handling times (Th) were 0.4911 and 1.4453 h on tomato and 0.5713 and 1.5001 h on prickly lettuce for parasitism and host feeding, respectively. Based on 95% confidence interval, functional response parameters were significantly different between the host plants solely in parasitism. Results of this study opens new insight in the host parasitoid interactions, subsequently needs further investigation before utilizing it for management and reduction of greenhouse whitefly.

The lacewingCeraeochrysa caligataas a potential biological agent for controlling the red palm miteRaoiella indica

“…Functional responses are well-established parameters used to estimate the potential use of natural enemies as biological agents for controlling arthropod pests (Cuthbert et al, 2018; Ebrahimifar, Jamshidnia & Allahyari, 2017; Milonas, Kontodimas & Martinou, 2011; Solomon, 1949). Here, we demonstrated that all larval instars of the lacewing C. caligata are capable of preying upon all developmental stages (i.e., eggs, immatures, and adults) of the red palm mite R. indica .…”

KAPASITAS POTENSI PARASITISME Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) TERHADAP Corcyra sp.

“…Respons tipe I menggambarkan peningkatan linier dalam konsumsi saat kepadatan mangsa meningkat, ditentukan oleh tingkat penangkapan/serangan parasitoid, diikuti oleh konsumsi konstan di atas kepadatan ambang tertentu sebagai hasil dari tingkat kejenuhan parasitoid (Dunn & Hovel, 2020). Jenis respons fungsional parasitoid dapat bervariasi sesuai dengan kepadatan (Chen et al, 2016), garis keturunan, atau umur parasitoid (Mohammadpour et al, 2019), inang (Ebrahimifar et al, 2017), serta dengan perubahan lingkungan (Uszko et al, 2017;Lindmark et al, 2018), paling sering karena pengaruh suhu (Nikbin et al, 2014). Penemuan respons fungsional tipe I dan II untuk spesies Trichogramma sp.…”

Masa hidup imago, progeni, dan kemampuan parasitisasi Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoid kutu putih singkong

“…Secara teoritis tanggap fungsional tipe III lebih memiliki kemampuan mengendalikan populasi hama dibandingkan dengan tipe II. Walaupun tanggap fungsional merupakan faktor penting untuk mengevaluasi potensi musuh alami, tetapi keberhasilan atau kegagalan musuh alami di dalam pengendalian hayati tidak hanya bergantung pada faktor ini (Fernandez-Arhex & Corely 2003;Ebrahimifar et al 2017). Menurut Joodaki et al (2018) faktor lain, seperti faktor biotik dan abiotik dan tumbuhan inang dapat memengaruhi penemuan inang dan keefektifan parasitoid di dalam pengendalian hayati.…”