Functional reciprocity of proteins involved in mitosis and endocytosis

Abstract

Mitosis and endocytosis are two fundamental cellular processes essential for maintaining a eukaryotic life. Mitosis partitions duplicated chromatin enveloped in the nuclear membrane into two new cells, whereas endocytosis takes in extracellular substances through membrane invagination. These two processes are spatiotemporally separated and seemingly unrelated. However, recent studies have uncovered that endocytic proteins have moonlighting functions in mitosis, and mitotic complexes manifest additional roles in endocytosis. In this review, we summarize important proteins or protein complexes that participate in both processes, compare their mechanism of action, and discuss the rationale behind this multifunctionality. We also speculate on the possible origin of the functional reciprocity from an evolutionary perspective. An introduction to mitosis and endocytic pathwaysEukaryotic cells rely on endocytosis to uptake extracellular materials and their own plasma membrane components, in order to maintain homeostasis and respond to the varying environment [1-3]; they use the process of mitosis to achieve self-duplication and cell fate specification when differentiating [1,4]. These two Abbreviations AP2, adaptor protein-2; APC/C, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome; CCP, clathrin-coated pit; CCV, clathrin-coated vesicle; CHC, clathrin heavy chains; ch-TOG, colonic and hepatic tumor overexpressed gene; CLC, clathrin light chain; CME, clathrin-mediated endocytosis; CPC, chromosome passenger complex;

GRP75-driven, cell-cycle-dependent macropinocytosis of Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles underlies distinct gene therapy effect in ovarian cancer

“…Different from the prevailing claims that pinocytosis is shut down during mitosis [41][42][43], we found here that macropinocytosis was decreased but not completely arrested in cell-cycle M-phase. Confocal microscopic examining the co-uptake of Tat/pGL3-Ca 2+ nanoparticles with Dextran in unperturbed cells showed that they were still internalized via macropinocytosis in different sub-phases of cell-cycle (Fig.…”

The role of gut microbiota in patients with benign and malignant brain tumors: a pilot study

“…They can translate each other and participate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the dysbiosis of which is associated with the pathogenesis and development of tumors [ 51 ]. Additionally, the decreased pathways in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and endocytosis in brain tumors insinuate a disruption in epigenetics and cellular processes [ 52 , 53 ]. NER is a key DNA repair mechanism that can remove helices distorting DNA adducts.…”

Heavy Metals Removal Using Nano‐Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Cattle Bones

“…[b]: %M Removal percent of heavy metals. Zn 2 + , Ni 2 + , Mg 2 + , ect..) on the apatitic surface using ion exchange method constitutes the subject of several works [37,38,39] As mentioned respectively by M. Othmani et al [38] and L. Veselinovic et al, [39] the replacement rate of the calcium by copper is up to 15 % however, for the cobalt ion the substitution rate does not exceed 12 %. In accordance with our results, the calcium hydroxyapatite surface has mostly a greater affinity towards copper ion than cobalt.…”