Functional Properties of Gelatin/Polyvinyl Alcohol Films Containing Black Cumin Cake Extract and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Produced via Casting Technique

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and characterize gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol (G/PVA) films loaded with black cumin cake extract (BCCE) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The BCCE was also applied for the green synthesis of ZnONPs with an average size of less than 100 nm. The active films were produced by a solvent-casting technique, and their physicochemical and antibacterial properties were investigated. Supplementation of G/PVA film in ZnONPs decreased the tensile strength (TS) from 2.97 MPa to 1.69 MPa. The addition of BCCE and ZnONPs increased the elongation at the break (EAB) of the enriched film by about 3%. The G/PVA/BCCE/ZnONPs film revealed the lowest water vapor permeability (WVP = 1.14 × 10−9 g·mm·Pa−1·h−1·mm−2) and the highest opacity (3.41 mm−1). The QUick, Easy, New, CHEap and Reproducible (QUENCHER) methodologies using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) were applied to measure antioxidant capacity (AC) of the prepared films. The incorporation of BCCE and ZnONPs into G/PVA films enhanced the AC by 8–144%. The films containing ZnONPs and a mixture of BCCE and ZnONPs inhibited the growth of three Gram-positive bacterial strains. These nanocomposite films with desired functional properties can be recommended to inhibit microbial spoilage and oxidative rancidity of packaged food.

Changes in Quality of Cold-Pressed Rapeseed Oil with Sinapic Acid Ester-Gelatin Films during Storage

“…The concentrations and ratios of GEL, PVA, and glycerol for the preparation of active films were established based on our previous study [ 26 ]. The GEL solution (5% w/v ) was prepared by dissolving GEL in redistilled water at 70 °C for 20 min.…”

“…Then, extracts were collected by decantation. Antioxidant properties of the obtained film extracts were determined using the DPPH and CUPRAC methods previously described in detail [ 25 , 26 ].…”

“…Unfortunately, it suffers from weak mechanical resistance, has a poor water vapor barrier, and is not water-resistant. However, the modifications of gelatin films by incorporating functional materials and active ingredients such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), antioxidant compounds, and plant extracts to reduce the limitations of gelatin film application have been reported by other authors [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Properties of Starch‐Based Nanocomposites with Starch‐Coated ZnONP Obtained by Flat‐Die Extrusion

“…[ 42 ] On the other hand, ZnONP agglomeration also leads to phase separation, possibly due to the nanoparticles interacting with the matrix through van der Waals interactions or by hydrogen bonds. [ 43 ] This effect was seen in the nanocomposites, revealing phase‐separation of the filler, which could lead to crack propagation. TPS‐ZnONP 5 shows different composting highly dependent on the study area (Figure 1G‐I), where the inhomogeneous morphology of the film can be seen along with cracks, holes, and partially anchored nanoparticles on the surface (enlargement observed in Figure ).…”

Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Alginate Films Containing Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) Essential Oil

“…The antioxidant capacity (AC) of the films was tested using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical and applying the QUENCHER method [ 39 ], which is based on the direct contact of a solid film with DPPH solution. The tested film was insoluble in the radical solution, and the reactions occurred at the sample’s surface.…”