Functional Parenting in Pakistan

Stewart, Sunita M.; Bond, Michael Harris; Zaman, Riffat Moazam; McBride‐Chang, Catherine; Rao, Nirmala; Ho, Lai‐Ming; Fielding, Richard

doi:10.1080/016502599383784

Cited by 50 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The Pakistani sample is identical to the one from a previous study (Stewart et al, 1999), and the participants in the Hong Kong sample described here partly overlap with those of an earlier study (Stewart et al, 1998). In Hong Kong, 86% of the group agreed to participate.…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The training dimension correlated positively with parental warmth, and associated positively with desirable psychosocial outcomes. In a second study (Stewart et al, 1999) conducted in Pakistan, a non-Confucian but communal culture was added to broaden the range of cultures in which guan might have relevance. The Pakistani construct of tarbiat translates similarly as "training," and is an important guide for parenting in Pakistani culture.…”

Section: The Construct Of Guanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the Chinese construct of guan export to the West?

et al. 2002

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This study reverses the usual process of assessing universality by examining whether a construct originating in non-western cultures has functional relevance in the West. The construct of guan or "training" was proposed by Chao (1994) as re ecting important Chinese parenting practices also shared by other Confucian cultures. She proposed that this construct is more relevant to the understanding of outcomes among Asian-American youth than constructs that have been developed in the West, such as "authoritative" parenting. The association among the behaviours incorporated in this construct and other "universal" parenting styles such as parental warmth has not been previously reported. Nor has there been a previous report of the prevalence and perceived desirability of guan behaviours from Western individuals. Participants in the present study were US (N = 118), Hong Kong (N = 171) and Pakistani (N = 98) nursing students. In all three cultures, guan items had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alphas ranging from .69 to .76), associated positively with parental warmth (Pearsons' r ranging from .37 to .52), and were seen as attributes of ideal parents. Mothers in all three cultures were perceived as showing more guan than fathers show. The associations between parental guan and the outcomes of perceived health, relationship harmony and life satisfaction were signi cant for the Asian participants. Tests of guan's functional relevance in the West had equivocal results with weak associations to positive outcomes in the West compared to Asia. However, the differences between cultures did not reach statistical signi cance. When the cultures were merged, parental training perceptions predicted a signi cant proportion of the variance in outcomes. Mothers' guan predicted self-esteem in their children, whereas fathers' guan predicted life satisfaction. Although guan may have emerged from a Chinese cultural context, it appears to function similarly in many cultural systems, and may represent the Asian face of authoritative parenting.Cette étude renverse le processus habituel d'évaluation de l'universalité en examinant si un construit issu des cultures non occidentales possède une pertinence fonctionnelle en Occident. La structure de guan ou "entraînement" a été proposé par Chao (1994) a n de montrer des pratiques parentales chinoises importantes partagées également par d'autres cultures d'adeptes de Confucius. Elle a suggéré que ce construit était plus pertinent pour la compréhension des effets de l'éducation sur la jeunesse asiatico-américaine que d'autres construits développés en Occident, tel que l'autoritarisme parental. Il n'existe aucun rapport précédant sur l'association entre les comportements incorporés à ce construit et d'autres styles parentaux "universels", comme la chaleur parentale. Il n'y a pas non plus d'autre rapport sur la prévalence et la désirabilité perçue des comportements guan de la part d'individus occidentaux. Les participants à cette étude étaient des élèves in rmiers des USA (N = 118), de Hong ...

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Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: The Construct Of Guanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Chinese construct of guan export to the West?

et al. 2002

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“…It is conceivable that the concept of training actually reflects Asian parenting ideology and may not be specific to Chinese parenting. In support of this assumption, Stewart et al, (1999) reported that training guides Pakistani (Muslim) mothers' interactions with their daughters.…”

Section: Indian Parentingmentioning

confidence: 76%

Links between socialization goals and child‐rearing practices in Chinese and Indian mothers

Rao

McHale

Pearson

2003

Infant and Child Development

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Mothers of preschoolers in China and India reported on the value they accorded to items tapping two socialization goals, Filial Piety and Socioemotional Development and two parenting styles, Authoritative and Authoritarian. In both cultures, maternal valuing of Filial Piety was associated with greater exertion of parental control, whereas greater valuing of Socioemotional Development was related to more frequent use of Authoritative practices. However, patterns in relationships between Filial Piety, Socioemotional Development and Authoritative parenting differed across Chinese and Indian mothers. Positive associations were found among these three variables for Indian mothers, reflecting Hindu beliefs about young children and childhood. Among Chinese mothers, on the other hand, Filial Piety was negatively related with Socioemotional Development and the use of Authoritative practices. Our results suggest that Chinese mothers believe that the use of authoritative practices, which encourage socioemotional development in children, will inhibit achievement of filial behaviour and academic achievement. Contrasts between these two Asian cultures highlight the importance of considering parents' socialization goals and beliefs in cross‐cultural studies of child‐rearing practices. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Further studies have found that “training” was more consistent with the authoritative parenting style than the authoritarian parenting style (Stewart et al, 1999; Stewart, Bond, Kennard, Ho, & Zaman, 2002; Supple, Peterson, & Bush, 2004). This further opens up the debate on whether there is cultural variation in the distribution and impact of parenting styles on academic outcomes.…”

Section: Conceptualization Of Parenting Stylesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Authoritarian Parenting and Asian Adolescent School Performance: Insights from the US and Taiwan

Pong

Johnston

Chen

2009

International Journal of Behavioral Development

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Our study re-examines the relationship between parenting and school performance among Asian students. We use two sources of data: wave I of the Adolescent Health Longitudinal Survey (Add Health), and waves I and II of the Taiwan Educational Panel Survey (TEPS). Analysis using Add Health reveals that the Asian-American/European-American difference in the parenting–school performance relationship is due largely to differential sample sizes. When we select a random sample of European-American students comparable to the sample size of Asian-American students, authoritarian parenting also shows no effect for European-American students. Furthermore, analysis of TEPS shows that authoritarian parenting is negatively associated with children's school achievement, while authoritative parenting is positively associated. This result for Taiwanese Chinese students is similar to previous results for European-American students in the US.

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Functional Parenting in Pakistan

Cited by 50 publications

References 27 publications

Does the Chinese construct of guan export to the West?

Does the Chinese construct of guan export to the West?

Links between socialization goals and child‐rearing practices in Chinese and Indian mothers

Authoritarian Parenting and Asian Adolescent School Performance: Insights from the US and Taiwan

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