Functional Outcome of Bone Marrow Stem Cells (CD45+/CD34−) After Cell Therapy in Acute Spinal Cord Injury: In Exercise Training and in Sedentary Rats

Role of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells in Chronic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury-A Longterm Follow Up Study

“…In animal studies, combining rehabilitation with cell transplantation has resulted in positive functional outcome [26]. controlled with medications (Table 4).…”

Effect of exercise associated with stem cell transplantation on ventricular function in rats after acute myocardial infarction

“…The animals were placed in the lateral position, with the lower leg bent and the upper straight. The punctureaspiration was performed in the posterior iliac crest of the femur with disposable syringe (BD Plastipak®-) 5 mL, with 0.2 mL of heparin (5000 IU/mL), using 21 mm needle 25x8 G1 (BD-Precision Glide®); approximately 1 mL of blood from bone marrow was collected from each rat, followed by identification of syringes [8].…”

“…Immediately after completed this tube up to 12 ml with IMDM culture media (Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Media), it was supplemented with 4% buffer and 1% antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin) and homogenated. In a plastic tube of 15 ml, 3 mL of density gradient separation (d= 1.077) (Ficoll-Hypaque) were placed and hence then added to the homogenate containing animal bone marrow and IMDM culture medium carefully so it does not mix [8,9].…”

“…After this phase, the supernatant was discarded, placed 3 mL of medium in the tube and resuspended the cells to count them. This count was performed in a Neubauer chamber and examined under an optical microscope Olympus® CX31 in a 40X objective [8].…”

Gain and loss of functional locomotor recovery following contusive spinal cord injury in the adult rat.

“…After contusion or compression incomplete SCI rats and mice show remarkable spontaneous locomotor recovery (unlike after transection in which treadmill training with weight support is required) and are able to generate weightsupported stepping within 3-5 weeks post-injury as measured by BBB, BMS and/or kinematic analysis of hindlimbs (Fouad et aI., 2000;Lankhorst et aI., 2001;Thota et aI., 2001;Multon et aI., 2003;Van Meeteren et aI., 2003;EngesserCesar et aI., 2005;Koopmans et aI., 2005;Magnuson et aI., 2005b;Bolton et aI., 2006;Erschbamer et aI., 2006;Smith et aI., 2006a;Fischer and Peduzzi, 2007;Carvalho et aL, 2008;Heng and de Leon, 2008;Liu et al, 2008b;Siegenthaler et aL, 2008;Robert et aL, 2010;Alluin et aL, 2011). Taken together, these studies show that voluntary exercise, enriched environment, step or swim training alone does not improve on the spontaneous locomotor recovery profile with sustained effects through the chronic phase.…”