Functional Morphology

Turnquist, Jean E.; Minugh-Purvis, Nancy

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381365-7.00004-2

Cited by 13 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 95 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast to humans, the PC skeletal muscle layer is well developed and sits immediately beneath the skin of most mammalian animal species including mice, rats, guinea pig and rabbits (Lorenz & Longaker, ), cats and dogs (Pavletic, ), pigs and chattels (Wilder, ; Reese et al. ), horses (Higgins & Martin, ), dolphins (Yoshida, ) and skin areas of some higher primates (Turnquist & Minugh‐Purvis, ). In most of these, the PC covers the dorsal, ventral and lateral surfaces of the body trunk ( musculi cutanei trunci , also termed cutaneous trunci or cutaneous maximus ) and extends down to the upper part of the limbs.…”

Section: Conservation Among Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The panniculus carnosus muscle: an evolutionary enigma at the intersection of distinct research fields

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The panniculus carnosus is a thin striated muscular layer intimately attached to the skin and fascia of most mammals, where it provides skin twitching and contraction functions. In humans, the panniculus carnosus is conserved at sparse anatomical locations with high interindividual variability, and it is considered of no functional significance (most possibly being a remnant of evolution). Diverse research fields (such as anatomy, dermatology, myology, neuroscience, surgery, veterinary science) use this unique muscle as a model, but several unknowns and misconceptions remain in the literature. In this article, we review what is currently known about panniculus carnosus structure, development, anatomical location, response to environmental stimuli and potential function(s), with the aim of putting together the evidence arising from the different research communities and raising interest in this unique muscle, which we postulate as an ideal model for both vascular and muscular research.

show abstract

Section: Conservation Among Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The panniculus carnosus muscle: an evolutionary enigma at the intersection of distinct research fields

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Intermembral index is determined by the length of (humerus + radius) X 100/length femur + tibia [10,11]. Based on the intermembral index, the non-human primate is divided into three groups, namely; low (50 -80), moderate (80 -100), and high index (100 -150) [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotion Study of Bekantan (Nasalis larvatus)

Jadi

Rezeki²,

Dwi

et al. 2020

BIO Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The locomotion system in the primate is developed and diverged following the pressure of the environment. To survive, each species of primate will push their locomotor’s evolution to accommodate their foraging activities. Generally, the primate locomotion system is classified into vertical clinging and leaping (such as Tarsius), quadrupedalism (such as guenon), brachiation (such as gibbon), and bipedalism (human). Classification is usually based on the intermembral index, the ratio between the arm and leg length in percentage. The intermembral index of bekantan is about 90 on average; means the arm length is 90% of leg length. Based on the intermembral index, bekantan's locomotion system is hindlimb dominated gait and supposed to be quadrupedal terrestrial. However, in their natural habitat, bekantan spend their daily activities mostly on the trees. Terrestrial and arboreal movements were observed during foraging. Arboreal movements of bekantan are dominant where the forest canopy is remaining good. On the other hand, in open areas and where they have adapted to human existence, quadrupedal terrestrial behaviors will be dominant during foraging. Further observation in various areas is still needed to strengthen the type of locomotion system of bekantan.

show abstract

“…Another trait that has been used to distinguish adaptation to hind limb‐dominated, forelimb‐dominated, and different forms of quadrupedal locomotion is the ratio of forelimb to hind limb bone lengths. Bipeds and vertical clingers and leapers have relatively longer hind limbs compared to forelimbs, suspensory taxa are characterized by relatively long forelimbs, and arboreal and terrestrial quadrupeds tend to have intermediate values (Turnquist & Minugh‐Purvis, ). HFI is one ratio that is used to compare forelimb and hind limb lengths (Aiello & Dean, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of femoral biomechanical neck length in primates

Rein

2020

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The unique abductor capability of the human lesser gluteal muscles among extant hominoids has been suggested to be associated, in part, with biomechanical neck length of the femur. Beyond the hominin lineage, the relationship between biomechanical neck length and locomotor performance remains unclear due, in part, to the limited number of primate taxa directly compared and the need to examine species characterized by a wider range of locomotor diversity. Measurements were taken on the proximal femora of 28 extant taxa, with each species being assigned to a locomotor and phylogenetic category. Pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic generalized least‐squares analysis were performed to examine the impact of phylogeny and locomotor adaptation on relative biomechanical neck length. Arboreal quadrupeds that perform varying proportions of climbing/clambering versus leaping were characterized by different biomechanical neck lengths, whereas semi‐terrestrial anthropoids that perform either knuckle‐walking or palmigrade/digitigrade quadrupedalism were found to have similar relative neck lengths. Samples categorized as either orthograde clamberers or bipeds were distinct from all other anthropoid samples and characterized by the relatively shortest and longest biomechanical neck lengths, respectively. Results of additional analyses that included prosimian primates suggest that relatively long biomechanical necks characterize species adapted to hind limb‐dominated forms of locomotion (e.g., vertical clinging and leaping and bipedalism). Thus, biomechanical neck length is useful for signaling reliance on bipedalism (as performed by humans) or leaping, including subtle variation in leaping performance among arboreal quadrupeds. Furthermore, this trait is informative regarding reliance on irregular gait clambering as performed by orangutans.

show abstract

Functional Morphology

Cited by 13 publications

References 95 publications

The panniculus carnosus muscle: an evolutionary enigma at the intersection of distinct research fields

The panniculus carnosus muscle: an evolutionary enigma at the intersection of distinct research fields

Locomotion Study of Bekantan (Nasalis larvatus)

Comparative analysis of femoral biomechanical neck length in primates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About