Functional Morphology of the Crop and Proventriculus of <i>Sitophilus zeamais</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Sousa, Géssica; Scudeler, Elton Luiz; Abrahão, Josielle; Conte, Hélio

doi:10.1603/an13081

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Different insects belonging to various coleopteran families, such as Hypothenemus hampei [ 95 ], Dermestes maculatus [ 96 ], H . hampei [ 97 ] and Sitophilus zeamais [ 98 ], the anterior midgut is acidic, with a pH ranging from 4.5 to 5.0 [ 99 ]. Therefore, the pH regulates the nature and activity of the digestive enzymes in the gut lumen [ 100 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleases as a barrier to gene silencing in the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RNA interference (RNAi) approaches have been applied as a biotechnological tool for controlling plant insect pests via selective gene down regulation. However, the inefficiency of RNAi mechanism in insects is associated with several barriers, including dsRNA delivery and uptake by the cell, dsRNA interaction with the cellular membrane receptor and dsRNA exposure to insect gut nucleases during feeding. The cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) is a coleopteran in which RNAi-mediated gene silencing does not function efficiently through dsRNA feeding, and the factors involved in the mechanism remain unknown. Herein, we identified three nucleases in the cotton boll weevil transcriptome denoted AgraNuc1, AgraNuc2, and AgraNuc3, and the influences of these nucleases on the gene silencing of A. grandis chitin synthase II (AgraChSII) were evaluated through oral dsRNA feeding trials. A phylogenetic analysis showed that all three nucleases share high similarity with the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family of other insects. These nucleases were found to be mainly expressed in the posterior midgut region of the insect. Two days after nuclease RNAi-mediated gene silencing, dsRNA degradation by the gut juice was substantially reduced. Notably, after nucleases gene silencing, the orally delivered dsRNA against the AgraChSII gene resulted in improved gene silencing efficiency when compared to the control (non-silenced nucleases). The data presented here demonstrates that A. grandis midgut nucleases are effectively one of the main barriers to dsRNA delivery and emphasize the need to develop novel RNAi delivery strategies focusing on protecting the dsRNA from gut nucleases and enhancing its oral delivery and uptake to crop insect pests.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleases as a barrier to gene silencing in the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Generally, in Curculionidae the foregut begins at the mouth followed by the pharynx, esophagus, crop and proventriculus. The foregut is responsible for the transport of food to the crop whose function is the temporary storage of food (Díaz et al, 2000;Rubio et al, 2008;Bu and Chen, 2009;Aldigail et al, 2013;Singh and Prasad, 2013;Sousa et al, 2013;Candan et al, 2019). Various authors have illustrated subtle differences among species (Sinha, 1958;Vazquez-Arista et al, 1997;Díaz et al, 1998Díaz et al, , 2000Díaz et al, , 2003Rubio et al, 2008;Bu and Chen, 2009;Aldigail et al, 2013;Sarwade and Bhawane, 2013;Singh and Prasad, 2013;Borges et al, 2015;Candan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to differences in mouthpart morphology, an insect's alimentary canal can show great variation due to diversity in food materials consumed (Snodgrass, 1993;Sarwade and Bhawane, 2013). Like other insects, the alimentary canal of beetles in divisible into three main regions: the foregut, which is ectodermal in origin, midgut, which is endodermal in origin and hindgut, which is also ectodermal in origin (Sinha, 1958;Kasap, 1978;Snodgrass, 1993;Rubio et al, 2008;Sousa et al, 2013). All these regions are responsible for ingestion, storage, digestion, absorption of food and water balance (Calder, 1989;Romoser and Stoffolano, 1998;Bu and Chen, 2009;Aldigail et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The foregut of coleopterans, generally tubular, is composed of a narrow pharynx opening into the tubular esophagus. It is narrow anteriorly but may be distended posteriorly to form a crop and proventriculus (Ekis and Gupta, 1971;Sarwade and Bhawane, 2013;Sousa et al, 2013). In many insects, the crop acts as a storage organ (Crowson, 1981) whereas the muscular proventriculus is the site where food particles are broken or filtered to the midgut (Kissinger, 1963;Serrão, 2005Serrão, , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Structure of the mouthparts and alimentary canal of Eusomus ovulum Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Koçakoğlu

Candan

Erbey

2020

Rev. Bras. entomol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The structural morphology of mouthparts, the distribution of sensilla on the mouthparts, histology, and the morphology of the alimentary canal in adult Eusomus ovulum Germar, 1824 were examined under both light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mouthparts are located at the tip of the short rostrum. The mandibles, the maxillae and the labial palpi comprise the moveable mouthparts. Also there are sensillae which act as chemoreceptors on the terminal segment of the snout. Alimentary canal of adult E. ovulum is divided into three main regions, foregut, midgut and hindgut. The first part of the gut is foregut, which is made up of a pharynx, esophagus, crop and proventriculus. The pharynx extends from the mouth, having muscle attachments radiating out from its surface and connecting with the head region. The esophagus is a narrow epithelial tube contiguous and posterior to the pharynx. The proventriculus consists of 8 sclerotized plates. The midgut, which is anteriorly bulbous with a tubular posterior half. Gastric caeca were found on the posterior region of the midgut. The midgut is surrounded by outer muscles and inner columnar epithelium. The hindgut has pylorus, ileum, colon, and rectum. There are three histological layers of the hindgut from lumen to hemocoel: intima, epithelium, muscles. The hindgut has a cryptonephridial attachment for the six Malpighian tubes anterior to the rectum. The aim of the present study is to contribute information on the morphology of mouthparts, and the morphology and histology of the alimentary tract of the insect.

show abstract

“…Antioxidant enzymes in the midgut of Spodoptera littoralis could protect insect tissues against exogenous and endogenous oxidative radicals (Krishnan & Kodrík, 2006). In contrast, the essential functions of insect foregut are mainly focused on grinding, temporary storage and primary digestion of foods, but some other possible physiological functions are poorly understood so far, such as detoxification, immune and oxidative stress (Sousa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insight into foregut functions of xenobiotic detoxification in the cockroach Periplaneta americana

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2017

Insect Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The physiological functions of insect foregut, especially in xenobiotic detoxification, are scarcely reported because of unimportance in appearance and insufficient molecular information. The cockroach Periplaneta americana, an entomological model organism, provides perfect material to study physiological functions of foregut tissue due to its architectural feature. Through Illumina sequencing of foregut tissue from P. americana individuals (control) or insects treated with cycloxaprid, as a novel neonicotinoid insecticide, 54 193 166 clean reads were obtained and further assembled into 53 853 unigenes with an average length of 366 bp. Furthermore, the number of unigenes involved in xenobiotic detoxification was analyzed, mainly including 70 cytochrome P450s, 12 glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), seven carboxylesterases (CarEs) and seven adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Compared to control, the expression of 22 xenobiotic detoxification unigenes was up-regulated after cycloxaprid application, mainly containing 18 P450s, one GST, two CarEs and one ABC adenosine triphosphate transporter, indicating that the oxidation-reduction was the major reactive process to cycloxaprid application. Through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, the expression of selected unigenes (six P450s, one GST and one CarE) was up-regulated at least two-fold following cycloxaprid treatment, and was generally in agreement with transcriptome data. Compared to the previous midgut transcriptome of P. americana, it looks like the expressive abundance of the xenobiotic detoxification unigenes might be important factors to the detoxifying functional differences between foregut and midgut. In conclusion, insect foregut would also play important roles in the physiological processes related to xenobiotic detoxification.

show abstract

Functional Morphology of the Crop and Proventriculus of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Nucleases as a barrier to gene silencing in the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis

Nucleases as a barrier to gene silencing in the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis

Structure of the mouthparts and alimentary canal of Eusomus ovulum Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

New insight into foregut functions of xenobiotic detoxification in the cockroach Periplaneta americana

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About