Functional Independence of Community-Dwelling Older Adults in China and South Korea

Remain Independence and Neighborhood Social Cohesiveness Among Older Adults Participating in Three Community-Based Programs Promoting Aging-in-Community in the USA

“…The average education level was very low in both the Chinese and South Korean samples. Older adults with lower education may more likely to be blue-collar workers, which may lead to more physically active and strenuous lifestyle, which could serve as a protective factor from cognitive or physical impairment (Lee et al, 2014). Lee et al (2014) suspected that the inverse relationship between socioeconomics and functional independence might not be unique in these two East Asian countries, but a phenomenon in rapidly developing countries (Lee et al, 2014).…”

“…Remain independence (RI) has been a key factor essential to help older adults remain at home and in the communities ( Yuen et al, 2007 ). Surprisingly, very limited empirical studies have examined RI among community-dwelling older adults ( Kabayama et al, 2018 ; Lee et al, 2014 ). The few existing studies mostly used ADL or IADL to measure functional independence level among older adults.…”

“…The few existing studies mostly used ADL or IADL to measure functional independence level among older adults. A population-based longitudinal study conducted in the Japan and a comparative study among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in China and South Korea found that risk factors towards functional independence included advanced age, low physical function, low nutritional status, low cognitive function and high depression risk (Kabayama et al, 2018; Lee et al, 2014). RI can be a subjective and dynamic concept for older adults.…”

Cognitive Benefits of Activity Engagement among 12,093 Adults Aged over 65 Years

“…However, the previous literature only investigated the association of activity patterns with the total cognition score, rather than specific dimensions of cognitive ability. Additionally, further attention should be paid to older Chinese adults, as population aging has been accelerating in China [ 18 ] and cognitive decline in this population would be more serious due to the disadvantageous education they received [ 19 ]. Moreover, as compared to males, the risk of cognitive impairment is higher among females due to their lower early-life socioeconomic status (SES) in China [ 19 ], greater Aβ deposition [ 20 ], or/and their different activity patterns [ 6 , 10 ] Functional status, affective status, cognitive status, and productive involvement also vary across different stages of aging [ 21 , 22 ].…”

From Snapshots to Movies: The Association Between Retirement Sequences and Aging Trajectories in Limitations to Perform Activities of Daily Living

“…To adjust for self-selection, confounding, and omitted variable bias, we included a wide range of covariates in our models. Because socioeconomic status (SES) is known to be a strong predictor of physical functioning in general (Marmot, Shipley, Brunner, & Hemingway, 2001; Yang, Konttinen, Martikainen, & Silventoinen, 2018) and ADLs in particular (Freedman, Martin, Schoeni, & Cornman, 2008; Jagger, Matthews, Melzer, Matthews, & Brayne, 2007; Lee, Xu, & Lee, 2014; Taylor & Lynch, 2004), we included three measures of SES as covariates: educational level (less than 12 years of education, 12 years, and more than 12 years), household total wealth measured in 2010 constant US$1,000, and type of occupation for the job with longest tenure (white-, pink-, and blue-collar worker, as well as never worked). Although we originally included individual-level wealth, it was not statistically significant and did not add to the variance explained by our model and thus was dropped from the final models.…”