From Snapshots to Movies: The Association Between Retirement Sequences and Aging Trajectories in Limitations to Perform Activities of Daily Living

Azar, Ariel; Staudinger, Ursula M.; Slachevsky, Andrea; Madero-Cabib, Ignacio; Calvo, Esteban

doi:10.1177/0898264318782096

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Future research could explore differences in other health-related outcomes and the effects of retirement timing by other policy-relevant variables, such as job quality, partial retirement, pension adequacy and lifelong learning. Generating work environments that reinforce health, promoting partial retirements, improving the availability and generosity of old-age pensions, and promoting lifelong learning might constitute additional opportunities to improve health for older adults and to facilitate healthier transitions into retirement (Calvo, 2016;Staudinger et al, 2016;Azar et al, 2018;Calvo et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy retirement begins at school: educational differences in the health outcomes of early transitions into retirement

et al. 2019

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The literature on socio-economic variations in the association between retirement timing and health is inconclusive and largely limited to the moderating role of occupation. By selecting the sample case of Mexico where a sizeable number of older adults have no or very little formal education, this study allows the moderating role of education to be tested properly. Drawing on panel data for 2,430 individuals age 50 and over from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) and combining propensity score matching models with fixed-effects regressions, this article investigates differences in the health effects of retirement timing between older adults with varying years of education. Subjective health is measured using a self-reported assessment of respondents’ overall health and physical health as a reverse count of doctor-diagnosed chronic diseases. The results indicate that early transitions into retirement are associated with worse health outcomes, but education fully compensates for the detrimental association with subjective and physical health, while adjusting for baseline health, demographics and socio-economic characteristics. In conclusion, formal education during childhood and adolescence is associated with a long-term protective effect on health. It attenuates negative health consequences of early retirement transitions. Policies and programmes promoting healthy and active ageing would benefit from considering the influence of formal education in shaping older adults’ health after the transition into retirement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy retirement begins at school: educational differences in the health outcomes of early transitions into retirement

et al. 2019

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“…Concretely, first, McDonough and colleagues (2017) found that downshifting from full- to part-time work at the FPA was associated with the most favorable self-rated health among American men. Second, Azar, Staudinger, Slachevsky, Madero-Cabib, and Calvo (2019) observed that a gradual retirement from the labor force was associated with fewer limitations when performing activities of daily living in old age. Third, Diaz-Toro and colleagues (2018) found that individuals who exited the labor force before or around the FPA were more likely to experience heart disease and stroke in their 70s than those who extended working life beyond the FPA.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aging in Different Welfare Contexts: A Comparative Perspective on Later-Life Employment and Health

Madero-Cabib

Corna

Baumann

2019

The Journals of Gerontology: Series B

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ObjectiveWe adopt a cross-national comparative perspective to assess the labor market experiences of older adults in the years leading up to and beyond the full pension age (FPA) and their association with health in diverse welfare state contexts.MethodWe work with a harmonized pooled-country data set of 12 nations to model individuals’ employment trajectories during the 10 years surrounding gender- and country-specific FPAs over the same chronological period (2004 to 2014/2015) using sequence analysis. We then analyze these trajectories’ relationships with self-rated health and chronic conditions across different welfare state contexts.ResultsWe find five types of later-life employment trajectories: early retirement, conventional retirement, predominantly part-time, not in the labor market, and partial retirement. Among other findings, our analyses indicate that early retirement is associated with positive health outcomes in social-democratic and corporatist countries but not in liberal and liberal-corporatist countries. For people in the not in the labor market trajectory, poor self-rated health is more frequent in liberal and southern, and less frequent in corporatist countries.DiscussionThe research findings illustrate the importance of both generous public benefits in old age and later-life employment trajectories for older individuals’ health.

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“…Consistent with findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (Di Gessa et al, 2017), this suggests that delaying retirement does not benefit health once other factors are accounted for. Note, however, that we only measure age of full retirement; recent evidence from the Health and Retirement Study suggests that later, partial retirement may result in better functional health and slower decline in health in later life (Azar, Staudinger, Slachevsky, Madero-Cabib, & Calvo, 2019). Instead, retirement type proved a much stronger predictor of post-retirement health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-life predictors of retirement decisions and post-retirement health

Iveson

Deary

2019

SSM - Population Health

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It remains unclear whether retirement circumstances are associated with better or worse post-retirement health. This is partly due to confounding between measures of retirement circumstances and a tendency to account only for covariates around retirement age. The present study examined the contributions of both retirement age and retirement type, independently, to post-retirement health around age 77 years. It also examined whether these contributions remain once earlier life-course factors – social class, cognitive ability and education – were accounted for. Our sample was 742 Scottish people who took part in the Scottish Mental Survey 1947. In a path model including life-course predictors, retirement type (reason), but not age, significantly predicted post-retirement health, with ill-health retirement associated with poorer physical (β = 0.455, 95% CI [0.313, 0.597], p < 0.001) and mental health (β = 0.339, 95% CI [0.191, 0.486], p < 0.001), and redundancy retirement associated with poorer physical health only (β = 0.200, 95% CI [0.069, 0.331], p = 0.004). Of the life-course predictors, higher adult social class was associated with later retirement (β = 0.115, 95% CI [0.034, 0.196], p = 0.006) and higher childhood cognitive ability was associated with increased odds of voluntary retirement (OR = 1.054, 95% CI [1.005, 1.105], p = 0.032), but no indirect contribution to health (mediated by retirement circumstances) was significant. At the same time, higher childhood cognitive ability directly predicted better post-retirement physical health (β = -0.110, 95% CI [-0.216, -0.004], p = 0.041), independently of retirement circumstances. This study demonstrates the importance of considering retirement circumstances beyond age, and of accounting for confounding between retirement circumstances and earlier life-course factors.

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From Snapshots to Movies: The Association Between Retirement Sequences and Aging Trajectories in Limitations to Perform Activities of Daily Living

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Healthy retirement begins at school: educational differences in the health outcomes of early transitions into retirement

Healthy retirement begins at school: educational differences in the health outcomes of early transitions into retirement

Aging in Different Welfare Contexts: A Comparative Perspective on Later-Life Employment and Health

Early-life predictors of retirement decisions and post-retirement health

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