Functional Impacts of the Intestinal Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Li, Jennifer; Butcher, James; Mack, David R.; Stintzi, Alain

doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000215

Cited by 124 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 233 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As a result, there are three major pathogens that have been found to be associated the most with IBD. These pathogens are Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP ), which was once thought to be a potential infectious agent associated with the pathogenesis of CD, Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), which has been frequently found in IBD patients with acute/active phases and has been suggested to increase the inflammatory response [2], and Clostridium difficile , which has been detected in patients with UC relapse as well as remission [5]. While some studies have shown that there may be an increase in comorbidity with these bacteria and IBD, other studies have shown that these results are inconsistent [1,6,7].…”

Section: Dysbiosis-associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of Dysbiosis in Disease in Human and Animal Models

DeGruttola

Low

Mizoguchi

et al. 2016

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

667

461

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intestinal inflammatory condition that affects over two million people in the United States. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD are still largely unknown, dysregulated host/enteric microbial interactions are requisite for the development of IBD. So far, many researchers have tried to identify a precise relationship between IBD and an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota, termed “dysbiosis”. In spite of the extensive efforts, it is still largely unknown about the interplay among microbes, their hosts, and their environments, and whether dysbiosis is a causal factor or an effect of IBD. Recently, deep-sequencing analyses of the microbiota in IBD patients have been instrumental in characterizing the strong association between dysbiosis and IBD development, although it is still unable to identify specific-associated species level changes in most cases. Based on many recent reports, dysbiosis of the commensal microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including IBD, obesity, and allergic disorders, in both human and animal models. In this review article, we have focused on explaining the multiple types of dysbiosis, as well as dysbiosis-related diseases and potential treatments in order to apply this knowledge to understand a possible cause and potentially find therapeutic strategies for IBD as well as the other dysbiosis-related diseases.

show abstract

Section: Dysbiosis-associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of Dysbiosis in Disease in Human and Animal Models

DeGruttola

Low

Mizoguchi

et al. 2016

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

667

461

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Disruption of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) balance is known to contribute, among others, to the pathogenesis of GI diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) 7 and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 8 , especially since the gut microbiome regulates immunity 9–13 . In fact, bacteria reported to directly induce inflammation and pain 14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis and Its Effect on Neuropsychiatric Disorders With Suspected Immune Dysregulation

Petra

Panagiotidou

Hatziagelaki

et al. 2015

Clinical Therapeutics

487

315

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose-Gut microbiota regulate intestinal function and health. However, mounting evidence indicates that they can also influence the immune and nervous systems and vice versa. Here we reviewed the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and the brain, termed microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, and we discuss how it contributes to the pathogenesis of certain disorders, that may involve brain inflammation.Methods-Articles were chosen from Medline since 1980 using the key words anxiety, attention-deficit hypersensitivity disorder (ADHD), autism, cytokines, depression, gut, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, inflammation, immune system, microbiota, nervous system, neurologic, neurotransmitters, neuroimmune conditions, psychiatric, stress.Findings-Various afferent or efferent pathways are involved in the MGB axis. Antibiotics, environmental and infectious agents, intestinal neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, sensory vagal fibers, cytokines, essential metabolites, all convey information about the intestinal state to the CNS. Conversely, the HPA axis, the CNS regulatory areas of satiety and neuropeptides released from sensory nerve fibers affect the gut microbiota composition directly or through nutrient No. 6,624,148; 6,689,748; 6,984,667, and EPO 1365777, which cover methods and compositions of mast cell blockers, including flavonoids, as well as US patents No 7,906,153 and 8,268,365 for treatment of brain inflammation. Conflicts of interestsThe authors declare no conflicts. availability. Such interactions appear to influence the pathogenesis of a number of disorders in which inflammation is implicated such as mood disorder, autism-spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention-deficit hypersensitivity disorder (ADHD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and obesity. HHS Public AccessImplications-Recognition of the relationship between the MGB axis and the neuroimmune systems provides a novel approach for better understanding and management of these disorders. Appropriate preventive measures early in life or corrective measures such as use of psychobiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and flavonoids are discussed.

show abstract

“…IBD pathogenesis involves a dysregulated interaction between the host immune system and intestinal microbes, in a genetically susceptible host. 1 From patients with IBD, genome wide association studies identified numerous susceptibility polymorphisms, which are related to microbial sensing and tolerance. 2 These polymorphisms are linked to alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiome 3 (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and function of the pediatric colonic mucosal microbiome in untreated patients with ulcerative colitis

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders characterized by a complex disruption of the physiologic interaction between the host immune system and intestinal microbes precipitated by environmental factors. Numerous observations indicate the altered composition and function of the intestinal microbiome of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), a subtype of IBD. The accuracy of these results may be limited by confounding factors, such as concurrent medication use. To address these limitations, we examined the colonic mucosal microbiome of pediatric patients with UC prior to initiating treatment. Based on bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we identified a significant decrease in the phylum Verrucomicrobia in patients with UC. At the genus level, we observed a significant decrease in the short chain fatty acid producer Roseburia. Despite these compositional changes, we did not identify inferred gene content differences between the UC and control groups. To determine if microbial taxa may be associated with clinical outcomes, we retrospectively assessed the clinical course of the UC patients. Despite similar metrics of OTU richness and diversity, multiple OTU differences were observed between patients who responded to therapy and those who did not. Our observations regarding the mucosal microbiome and the associations with differential clinical outcomes support the contributions of gut microbes to disease onset and modulation.

show abstract

Functional Impacts of the Intestinal Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Cited by 124 publications

References 233 publications

Current Understanding of Dysbiosis in Disease in Human and Animal Models

Current Understanding of Dysbiosis in Disease in Human and Animal Models

Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis and Its Effect on Neuropsychiatric Disorders With Suspected Immune Dysregulation

Composition and function of the pediatric colonic mucosal microbiome in untreated patients with ulcerative colitis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About