Functional group analysis of high-molecular weight compounds in the water-soluble fraction of organic aerosols

Samburova, Vera; Didenko, Tatiana; Kunenkov, E. V.; Emmenegger, Christian; Zenobi, Renato; Kalberer, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.03.033

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is worth noting that a few distinct weak peaks between 9 and 10 ppm were observed in the primary HULIS in fresh soot particles, and can be attributed to aldehydic protons, [H-C = O] (Ziemba et al, 2011). However, they were absent in the atmospheric HULIS or WSOM in this study and in other studies (Decesari et al, 2005(Decesari et al, , 2007Cavalli et al, 2006;Samburova et al, 2007;Song et al, 2012;Fan et al, 2013;Lopes et al, 2015). This region only accounts for a minor fraction (< 2 %), and therefore was not considered further.…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 38%

“…Although some sharp peaks were identified above, most of the signals in the spectra of all HULIS fractions appeared as a continuous unresolved distribution. This suggests that HULIS consist of a complex mixture of organic substances (Samburova et al, 2007;Song et al, 2012;Fan et al, 2013;Lopes et al, 2015). The integrated 1 H NMR signal over specific ranges of chemical shift has been used previously to quantify the contribution of organic functional groups in HULIS from urban/rural aerosols Fan et al, 2013;Lopes et al, 2015) and rainwater (Miller et al, 2009;Santos et al, 2009Santos et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) in smoke fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) emitted from the combustion of biomass materials (rice straw, corn straw, and pine branch) and fossil fuels (lignite coal and diesel fuel) were comprehensively studied in this work. The HULIS fractions were first isolated with a one-step solid-phase extraction method, and were then investigated with a series of analytical techniques: elemental analysis, total organic carbon analysis, UV-vis (ultraviolet-visible) spectroscopy, excitationemission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that HULIS account for 11.2-23.4 and 5.3 % of PM 2.5 emitted from biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion, respectively. In addition, contributions of HULIS-C to total carbon and water-soluble carbon in smoke PM 2.5 emitted from BB are 8.0-21.7 and 56.9-66.1 %, respectively. The corresponding contributions in smoke PM 2.5 from coal combustion are 5.2 and 45.5 %, respectively. These results suggest that BB and coal combustion are both important sources of HULIS in atmospheric aerosols. However, HULIS in diesel soot only accounted for ∼ 0.8 % of the soot particles, suggesting that vehicular exhaust may not be a significant primary source of HULIS. Primary HULIS and atmospheric HULIS display many similar chemical characteristics, as indicated by the instrumental analytical characterization, while some distinct features were also apparent. A high spectral absorbance in the UV-vis spectra, a distinct band at λ ex /λ em ≈ 280/350 nm in EEM spectra, lower H / C and O / C molar ratios, and a high content of [Ar-H] were observed for primary HULIS. These results suggest that primary HULIS contain more aromatic structures, and have a lower content of aliphatic and oxygen-containing groups than atmospheric HULIS. Among the four primary sources of HULIS, HULIS from BB had the highest O / C molar ratios (0.43-0.54) and [H-C-O] content (10-19 %), indicating that HULIS from this source mainly consisted of carbohydrate-and phenolic-like structures. HULIS from coal combustion had a lower O / C molar ratio (0.27) and a higher content of [Ar-H] (31 %), suggesting that aromatic compounds were extremely abundant in HULIS from this source. Moreover, the absorption Ångström exponents of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion were 6.7-8.2 and 13.6, respectively. The mass absorption efficiencies of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion at 365 nm (MAE 365 ) were 0.97-2.09 and 0.63 m 2 gC −1 , respectively. Noticeably higher MAE 365 values for primary HULIS from BB than coal combustion indicate that the former has a stronger contribution to the light-absorbing properties of aerosols in the atmospheric environment.

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Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 38%

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

et al. 2016

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“…HULIS are a mixture of organic compounds identified in atmospheric samples, and mainly consist of polyfunctional compounds made up of a heterogeneous mixture of aliphatic and aromatic structures with substituted acidic, phenolic, methoxy, and ester functional groups (Decesari et al, 2001;Graber and Rudich, 2006;Samburova et al, 2007). Therefore, organic compounds contain such functional groups in aerosols can potentially influence the performance of the isolation and quantification methods.…”

Section: Selectivity Of the Four Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on certain hydrophobicehydrophilic interactions between organic solutes and non-ionic adsorbing solids, the relatively highly hydrophobic macromolecular organic acids would be retained onto the adsorbents. For the SPE method, the adsorbents used usually include C-18 Samburova et al, 2007), HLB Krivácsy et al, 2008;Lin et al, 2010), XAD-8 (Duarte and Duarte, 2005;Duarte et al, 2007;Sullivan and Weber, 2006;Santos et al, 2009Santos et al, , 2010 and DEAE (Havers et al, 1998;Baduel et al, 2009). These four isolation adsorbents together cover approximately 80% of the current work about HULIS quantification and have been applied to isolation of a great variety of atmospheric samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of isolation and quantification methods to measure humic-like substances (HULIS) in atmospheric particles

Fan

Song

Peng

2012

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is arguably the most powerful tool for the study of organic structures and has been central in understanding a broad range of environmental systems, including carbon cycling in the arctic [1][2][3], the effects of global warming on soil [4], unraveling the structure and interaction of humic substances [5][6][7][8][9], and elucidating organic components in air particles [10,11]. In particular, cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) experiments have been used extensively because of the qualitative structural information that is gained and because of its nondestructive nature [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid estimation of nuclear magnetic resonance experiment time in low‐concentration environmental samples

Masoom

Courtier‐Murias

Farooq

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an essential tool for studying environmental samples but is often hindered by low sensitivity, especially for the direct detection of nuclei such as 13 C. In very heterogeneous samples with NMR nuclei at low abundance, such as soils, sediments, and air particulates, it can take days to acquire a conventional 13 C spectrum. The present study describes a prescreening method that permits the rapid prediction of experimental run time in natural samples. The approach focuses the NMR chemical shift dispersion into a single spike, and, even in samples with extremely low carbon content, the spike can be observed in two to three minutes, or less. The intensity of the spike is directly proportional to the total concentration of nuclei of interest in the sample. Consequently, the spike intensity can be used as a powerful prescreening method that answers two key questions: (1) Will this sample produce a conventional NMR spectrum? (2) How much instrument time is required to record a spectrum with a specific signal-tonoise (S/N) ratio? The approach identifies samples to avoid (or pretreat) and permits additional NMR experiments to be performed on samples producing high-quality NMR data. Applications in solid-and liquid-state 13 C NMR are demonstrated, and it is shown that the technique is applicable to a range of nuclei. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:129-136. # 2012 SETAC

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Functional group analysis of high-molecular weight compounds in the water-soluble fraction of organic aerosols

Cited by 48 publications

References 24 publications

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Comparison of isolation and quantification methods to measure humic-like substances (HULIS) in atmospheric particles

Rapid estimation of nuclear magnetic resonance experiment time in low‐concentration environmental samples

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Functional group analysis of high-molecular weight compounds in the water-soluble fraction of organic aerosols

Cited by 48 publications

References 24 publications

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Comparison of isolation and quantification methods to measure humic-like substances (HULIS) in atmospheric particles

Rapid estimation of nuclear magnetic resonance experiment time in low‐concentration environmental samples

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Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels