Comparison of isolation and quantification methods to measure humic-like substances (HULIS) in atmospheric particles

Fan, Xingjun; Song, Jianzhong; Peng, Ping’an

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.063

Cited by 73 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…Each sample was collected for approximately 24 h, and a total of five filters was obtained. Detailed information regarding the sampling sites is provided in our previous studies (Fan et al, 2012;Song and Peng, 2009). These PM 2.5 samples were collected on Whatman quartz fiber filters (20.3 × 25.4 cm) using a high-volume air sampler at flow rates of 1.05 m 3 min −1 (Tianhong Intelligent Instrument Plant, Wuhan, China).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They constitute a significant portion of the organic matter (OM) in atmospheric aerosols (up to about 30 %) collected in urban and rural environments and in aerosols produced by BB (Mayol-Bracero et al, 2002;Krivacsy et al, 2008;Lin et al, 2010a, b). Their carbon (C) mass accounts for 9-72 % of the C content of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) in atmospheric aerosols (Feczko et al, 2007;Krivacsy et al, 2008;Lin et al, 2010b;Fan et al, 2012;Song et al, 2012). These atmospheric HULIS materials are found ubiquitously in various environments, and are derived from various sources.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…HULIS are present ubiquitously in fine particles from urban, rural, marine, and biomass burning (BB) sources (Decesari et al, 2007;Salma et al, 2007;Lin et al, 2010b;Fan et al, 2012;Song et al, 2012;Zheng et al, 2013). They are believed to play important roles in several atmospheric processes, including light absorption, radiative forcing (Hoffer et al, 2006;Dinar et al, 2008), hygroscopicity, and cloud droplet formation (Dinar et al, 2007;Salma et al, 2008).…”

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Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) in smoke fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) emitted from the combustion of biomass materials (rice straw, corn straw, and pine branch) and fossil fuels (lignite coal and diesel fuel) were comprehensively studied in this work. The HULIS fractions were first isolated with a one-step solid-phase extraction method, and were then investigated with a series of analytical techniques: elemental analysis, total organic carbon analysis, UV-vis (ultraviolet-visible) spectroscopy, excitationemission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that HULIS account for 11.2-23.4 and 5.3 % of PM 2.5 emitted from biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion, respectively. In addition, contributions of HULIS-C to total carbon and water-soluble carbon in smoke PM 2.5 emitted from BB are 8.0-21.7 and 56.9-66.1 %, respectively. The corresponding contributions in smoke PM 2.5 from coal combustion are 5.2 and 45.5 %, respectively. These results suggest that BB and coal combustion are both important sources of HULIS in atmospheric aerosols. However, HULIS in diesel soot only accounted for ∼ 0.8 % of the soot particles, suggesting that vehicular exhaust may not be a significant primary source of HULIS. Primary HULIS and atmospheric HULIS display many similar chemical characteristics, as indicated by the instrumental analytical characterization, while some distinct features were also apparent. A high spectral absorbance in the UV-vis spectra, a distinct band at λ ex /λ em ≈ 280/350 nm in EEM spectra, lower H / C and O / C molar ratios, and a high content of [Ar-H] were observed for primary HULIS. These results suggest that primary HULIS contain more aromatic structures, and have a lower content of aliphatic and oxygen-containing groups than atmospheric HULIS. Among the four primary sources of HULIS, HULIS from BB had the highest O / C molar ratios (0.43-0.54) and [H-C-O] content (10-19 %), indicating that HULIS from this source mainly consisted of carbohydrate-and phenolic-like structures. HULIS from coal combustion had a lower O / C molar ratio (0.27) and a higher content of [Ar-H] (31 %), suggesting that aromatic compounds were extremely abundant in HULIS from this source. Moreover, the absorption Ångström exponents of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion were 6.7-8.2 and 13.6, respectively. The mass absorption efficiencies of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion at 365 nm (MAE 365 ) were 0.97-2.09 and 0.63 m 2 gC −1 , respectively. Noticeably higher MAE 365 values for primary HULIS from BB than coal combustion indicate that the former has a stronger contribution to the light-absorbing properties of aerosols in the atmospheric environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

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Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

et al. 2016

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“…HULIS are of special interest because of their ubiquity, high level, surface activity, light-absorbing capability and photochemical activity. HULIS can affect aerosol properties, such as hygroscopicity, cloud condensation nucleus, surface tension, and optical property (Kiss et al, 2005;Dinar et al, 2007;Fan et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2016). Because of their aqueous solubility and surface activity, HULIS also play an important role on the activation of aerosol particle into cloud droplets, and thereby have important impacts on climate change Kiss et al, 2005;Dinar et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The level, chemical characteristics, source, and formation pathways of HULIS have been widely studied (Havers et al, 1998;Decesari et al, 2000;Krivácsy et al, 2000;Lin and Yu, 2011;Qiao et al, 2015;Fan et al, 2012Fan et al, , 2016. HULIS have been quantified in bulk aerosols with quantification methods of gravimetric measurement, UV-vis detection, Total Organic Carbon analyzer (TOC) and Evaporative Light-Scattering Detection (ELSD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of humic-like substances (HULIS) in PM2.5 in Lanzhou, China

Tan

Xiang

Zhou

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was applied to quantify HULIS (humic-like substances) for the first time in 2012 winter and 2013 summer at an urban site in Lanzhou. Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water soluble inorganic ions, and carbonaceous species (OC/EC) were also analyzed. The results show that OM (Organic Matter = OC × 1.6, constituting 45.8% to PM 2.5 ) was the most abundant species, followed by SNA (SO 4 2− + NO 3 − + NH 4 + , constituting 23.4% to PM 2.5 ). The chemical species were in the order of:The annual average concentration of HULIS was 4.70 μg/m −3 and HULISc (carbon content of HULIS) contributed 6.19% to PM 2.5 and 45.6% to WSOC, indicating that HULIS was the most important components of WSOC. The concentration of HULIS was 2.14 ± 0.80 μg/m 3 in summer and 7.24 ± 2.77 μg/m 3 in winter,respectively. The concentrations of HULIS were relatively low and stable in summer, while high and varied dramatically in winter. The abundance of HULISc in WSOC shows a more concentrated distribution in Lanzhou, with a range between 0.28-0.57. The ratios of HULIS/K + were 6.25 ± 1.41 and 6.14 ± 1.96 in summer and winter, respectively, suggesting there were other significant sources in addition to biomass burning emissions. HULIS and WSOC exhibited similar seasonal variation and had a strong positive correlation. In addition to the good relationship (0.89) between HULIS and Cl − in winter, the great enhancement of HULIS with significantly high Cl − and relatively low K + in winter indicated that residential coal burning was probably an important HULIS source in Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v winter. Correlation and back trajectory analysis suggested that biomass burning and secondary formation were also important HULIS sources and the contribution of HULIS from dust could be neglected. Adverse meteorological conditions were also important factors for the accumulation of HULIS in winter.

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Characterization of humic‐like substances in Arctic aerosols

et al. 2014

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Humic-like substances (HULIS) are a complex group of relatively high molecular weight organic compounds which contribute considerably to the mass of organic carbon (OC) and influence the light-absorbing properties of aerosols. In this work, HULIS were investigated for the first time in the high-Arctic atmosphere, focusing on the chemical characterization and mass contribution of HULIS to the total suspended particle (TSP) mass using weekly aerosol samples collected at Station Nord, northeast Greenland every fourth week during 2010. Average HULIS-C concentration was 11 ng C m À3 during the darker months (November-April) and 4 ng C m À3during the other months (May-October) with an annual mass concentration of 0.02 ± 0.01 μg m À3. HULIS-C contributed to 3-16% of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), whereas HULIS accounted for 0.7-4.1% of TSP mass, with TSP typically below 1.0 μg m À3. Concentrations of OC, WSOC, HULIS, selected HULIS functional groups (carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, and organosulfates) and levoglucosan overlapped with the typical Arctic haze pattern with elevated concentrations during winter to early spring. The aromatic carboxylic acid portion accounted for a larger share of total carboxylic acid of HULIS during the darker months (7%) compared to the brighter months (3%). The more abundant aromatic carboxylic acid functional groups and the moderate correlation between HULIS and levoglucosan concentrations during the darker months both indicate that biomass burning aerosols and thereby emissions of aromatic compounds could contribute to HULIS in the Arctic, especially during late winter. During the brighter months, relatively higher average molecular weight of HULIS was observed.

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Comparison of isolation and quantification methods to measure humic-like substances (HULIS) in atmospheric particles

Cited by 73 publications

References 31 publications

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Chemical characterization of humic-like substances (HULIS) in PM2.5 in Lanzhou, China

Characterization of humic‐like substances in Arctic aerosols

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Comparison of isolation and quantification methods to measure humic-like substances (HULIS) in atmospheric particles

Cited by 73 publications

References 31 publications

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Chemical characterization of humic-like substances (HULIS) in PM2.5 in Lanzhou, China

Characterization of humic‐like substances in Arctic aerosols

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Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels