Functional electrical stimulation of dorsiflexor muscle: Effects on dorsiflexor strength, plantarflexor spasticity, and motor recovery in stroke patients

Sabut, Sukanta; Sikdar, Chhanda; Kumar, Rajiv; Mahadevappa, Manjunatha

doi:10.3233/nre-2011-0717

Cited by 115 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Several other techniques used in the treatment of spasticity, such as therapeutic ultrasound [83,84], transcutaneous electrical stimulation [85,86], and rTMS [87,88], have shown success in functional measures in patients with spastic strokes and in relieving their degree of spasticity, but their direct impact on pain is not well established. If a contracture develops and the aforementioned strategies prove insufficient, surgical intervention may be necessary to release the contracture, relieve painful muscle strain, and optimize function [89].…”

Section: Treatments For Spasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Demystifying Poststroke Pain: From Etiology to Treatment

Treister

Hatch

Cramer

et al. 2016

PM&R

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Pain following stroke is commonly reported but often incompletely managed, which prevents optimal recovery. This is in part due to the esoteric nature of post-stroke pain and its limited presence in current discussions of stroke management. The major specific afflictions that affect patients with stroke who develop pain include central post-stroke pain (CPSP), complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), and pain associated with spasticity and shoulder subluxation. Each disorder carries its own intricacies that require specific approaches to treatment and understanding. This review aims to present and clarify the major pain syndromes that affect patients who have suffered from stroke in order to aid in their diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Treatments For Spasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Demystifying Poststroke Pain: From Etiology to Treatment

Treister

Hatch

Cramer

et al. 2016

PM&R

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“…Die im Methodenteil beschriebene systematische Literaturrecherche ergab 68 Treffer in der PubMed-und 11 Treffer in der Cochrane-Datenbank. Nach Anwenden der Selektionskriterien wurden 20 Studien berücksichtigt [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], davon 18 RCTs und 2 Kohortenstudien. Alle unterschieden sich stark, z.…”

Section: Systematische Literaturrecherche Zu Fes Bei Lähmungsfuß Nachunclassified

Behandlungsoptionen beim neurogenen Lähmungsfuß – eine systematische Literaturrecherche

et al. 2017

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Neurogenic drop foot may be caused by central or peripheral lesions of the nervous system. Depending on whether the first or second motor neuron is damaged, a flaccid or spastic drop foot develops. Spastic drop foot persists as a residual long-term complication after stroke in about 14 % of patients. Various conservative and surgical treatment options are available. This article is based on a systematic literature review for medical evidence of functional electrical stimulation (FES) with the keywords "functional electrical stimulation AND drop foot" and "functional electrical stimulation AND gait AND stroke" in PubMed and Cochrane databases. Randomised controlled trials and cohort studies of the past 10 years were selected according to specific criteria. Additionally, four guidelines were included. Current guidelines provide little guidance for practical treatment and fail to give due consideration to new surgical procedures such as neural implants. In 18 randomised controlled trials on FES in stroke patients with drop foot, the FES-treated population showed either significant superiority or non-inferiority versus control. Two cohort studies confirmed significant improvements by FES. The analysis demonstrates the importance of considering causes and severity of drop foot as well as patients' pre- and post-operative conditions for choosing treatment options. For active, high-demand patients, neural implants are valuable treatment options.

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“…Pad electrodes (4 × 4 cm, Protens Electrodes, Bio Protech Inc., Korea) were placed on the transverse process at a distance of 2 cm from the left side of the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae T1-T4. To ensure the psychological stability of the subjects, these subjects were asked to lie down on a bed for 10 min before intervention [11]. The conditions used for the HF-LI, LF-HI and HF-HI groups were 100 bps/10-20 mA, 5 bps/45-50 mA, and 100 bps/80-90 mA, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kajbafzadeh et al [10] also reported that IFC can relieve pain, reduce swelling, promote tissue recovery and relax contracted muscles by inducing vasodilation and increasing blood flow. In particular, medium-frequency currents have been used in the functional recovery of tissues by actively stimulating them and controlling associated pain (e.g., osteoarthritis pain, fracture pain, ischemic pain and mechanical pain) [11]. IFC is thought to exert its analgesic effects by increasing blood flow via the direct stimulation of the muscle fibers rather than the peripheral nerves, thus promoting the therapeutic process [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and Intensity of Electrical Stimulation of Human Sympathetic Ganglia Affect Heart Rate Variability and Pain Threshold

Cho

2019

Applied Sciences

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Featured Application: This study evaluated the effects of electrical stimulation on the autonomic nervous system by evaluating heart rate variability (HRV) and the pain threshold in response to different conditions of interferential current (IFC) applied to the sympathetic ganglia. Different conditions of the frequency and intensity of electrical stimulation resulted in distinct changes in HRV and pain control duration. Therefore, an appropriate use of the frequency and intensity of electrical stimulation can be very important for its application in clinical treatments. Abstract:The study relates to the selection of effective clinical treatments based on the changes associated with each electrical stimulation condition. The aim was to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on the autonomic nervous system by evaluating the heart rate variability (HRV) and pain threshold in response to different interferential current conditions applied to the sympathetic ganglia. Forty five participants were randomly assigned to receive high frequency-low intensity (HF-LI), low frequency-high intensity (LF-HI), or high frequency-high intensity (HF-HI) electrical stimulation. We then used bipolar adhesive pad electrodes to stimulate the thoracic vertebrae T1-T4 for 20 min, and changes were evaluated before, immediately after and 30 min after electrical stimulation. Results revealed significant HRV immediately after HF-LI and LF-HI electrical stimulations. This present study finding of a reduction in HRV immediately after HF-HI electrical stimulation confirms HRV measurement reliability based on electrical stimulation parameters. Results revealed a significant increase in the pain threshold with HF-HI electrical stimulation than for the other conditions; there was also a shorter pain duration. The present study also showed a significant effect of the HF-LI and LF-HI conditions on the pain threshold immediately after electrical stimulation, but the results after 30 min only revealed significant changes in the LF-HI group, indicating a maintenance of the pain control period immediately and 30 min after electrical stimulation. Different conditions of electrical stimulation resulted in distinct changes in HRV and pain control duration.

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Functional electrical stimulation of dorsiflexor muscle: Effects on dorsiflexor strength, plantarflexor spasticity, and motor recovery in stroke patients

Cited by 115 publications

References 19 publications

Demystifying Poststroke Pain: From Etiology to Treatment

Demystifying Poststroke Pain: From Etiology to Treatment

Behandlungsoptionen beim neurogenen Lähmungsfuß – eine systematische Literaturrecherche

Frequency and Intensity of Electrical Stimulation of Human Sympathetic Ganglia Affect Heart Rate Variability and Pain Threshold

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