Functional characterization of an apple (Malus x domestica) LysM domain receptor encoding gene for its role in defense response

Zhou, Zhe; Tian, Yi; Peng, Cong; Zhu, Yanmin

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.006

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Specifically, MdCERK1-2 OE improved the resistance of Nb plants to A. alternata and affected their immune response. This work, combined with the findings reported by Zhou et al [30], confirmed that apple CERK1 also functions as a PRR, recognizing fungal pathogen and playing an important role in apple plant defense against fungal pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A gene (GDR ID: MD17G1102100) encoding LysM-containing protein kinase was found to be highly expressed in shoot barks of apple by B. dothidea as revealed by transcriptome approach. Its protein contains a long extracellular region, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular Ser/Thr kinase domain, and was highly homologous to chitin recognition proteins MdCERK1 [ 30 ] and AtCERK1 [ 9 , 10 ]. Furthermore, the motif analysis revealed that the extracellular region consists of a signal peptide consisting of 21 amino acids and 3 LysMs (Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 c). According to early reports, these proteins are all involved in the defense against fungal pathogens [ 9 , 19 , 30 ], suggesting that MdCERK1–2 may also be involved in the defense responses against fungal pathogen infection.

Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it remains unclear whether apple utilizes the same mechanism as Arabidopsis or rice to recognize fungal pathogens and trigger downstream defense responses. Recently, Zhou et al [30] reported an apple CERK1 like protein, MdCERK1, which was induced by chitin and Rhizoctonia solani. These findings provided evidences that MdCERK1 may also play a role in apple defense responses against fungal pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overexpression of an apple LysM-containing protein gene, MdCERK1–2, confers improved resistance to the pathogenic fungus, Alternaria alternata, in Nicotiana benthamiana

et al. 2020

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Background: Lysin motif (LysM)-containing proteins are involved in the recognition of fungal and bacterial pathogens. However, few studies have reported on their roles in the defense responses of woody plants against pathogens. A previous study reported that the apple MdCERK1 gene was induced by chitin and Rhizoctonia solani, and its protein can bind to chitin. However, its effect on defense responses has not been investigated. Results: In this study, a new apple CERK gene, designated as MdCERK1-2, was identified. It encodes a protein that shares high sequence identity with the previously reported MdCERK1 and AtCERK1. Its chitin binding ability and subcellular location are similar to MdCERK1 and AtCERK1, suggesting that MdCERK1-2 may play a role in apple immune defense responses as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR). MdCERK1-2 expression in apple was induced by 2 fungal pathogens, Botryosphaeria dothidea and Glomerella cingulate, but not by the bacterial pathogen, Erwinia amylovora, indicating that MdCERK1-2 is involved in apple anti-fungal defense responses. Further functional analysis by heterologous overexpression (OE) in Nicotiana benthamiana (Nb) demonstrated that MdCERK1-2 OE improved Nb resistance to the pathogenic fungus, Alternaria alternata. H 2 O 2 accumulation and callose deposition increased after A. alternata infection in MdCERK1-2 OE plants compared to wild type (WT) and empty vector (EV)-transformed plants. The induced expression of NbPAL4 by A. alternata significantly (p < 0.01, n = 4) increased in MdCERK1-2 OE plants. Other tested genes, including NbNPR1, NbPR1a, NbERF1, and NbLOX1, did not exhibit significant changes after A. alternata infection in OE plants compared to EV or WT plants. OE plants also accumulated more polyphenols after A. alternata infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overexpression of an apple LysM-containing protein gene, MdCERK1–2, confers improved resistance to the pathogenic fungus, Alternaria alternata, in Nicotiana benthamiana

et al. 2020

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“…Few LYPs have been previously reported in fruit trees including apple (MdCERK1 and MdCERK1-2). MdCERK1, the ortholog of AtCERK1, has been shown to directly bind chitin and to be involved in transcriptional responses to pathogen infection of a soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani [22]. MdCERK1-2 is also involved in the anti-fungal defense responses as a PRR and significantly upregulated after Botryosphaeria dothidea infection [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide identification of lysin motif containing protein family genes in eight rosaceae species, and expression analysis in response to pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea in Chinese white pear

Chen

Qiao

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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Background Lysin motif-containing proteins (LYP), which act as pattern-recognition receptors, play central roles in growth, node formation, and responses to biotic stresses. The sequence of Chinese white pear genome (cv. ‘Dangshansuli’) along with the seven other species of Rosaceae has already been reported. Although, in these fruit crops, there is still a lack of clarity regarding the LYP family genes and their evolutionary history. Results In the existing study, eight Rosaceae species i.e., Pyrus communis, Prunus persica, Fragaria vesca, Pyrus bretschneideri, Prunus avium, Prunus mume, Rubus occidentalis, and Malus × domestica were evaluated. Here, we determined a total of 124 LYP genes from the underlined Rosaceae species. While eighteen of the genes were from Chinese white pear, named as PbrLYPs. According to the LYPs structural characteristics and their phylogenetic analysis, those genes were classified into eight groups (group LYK1, LYK2, LYK3, LYK4/5, LYM1/3, LYM2, NFP, and WAKL). Dispersed duplication and whole-genome duplication (WGD) were found to be the most contributing factors of LYP family expansion in the Rosaceae species. More than half of the duplicated PbrLYP gene pairs were dated back to the ancient WGD (~ 140 million years ago (MYA)), and PbrLYP genes have experienced long-term purifying selection. The transcriptomic results indicated that the PbrLYP genes expression was tissue-specific. Most PbrLYP genes showed differential expression in leaves under fungal pathogen infection with two of them located in the plasmalemma. Conclusion A comprehensive analysis identified 124 LYP genes in eight Rosaceae species. Our findings have provided insights into the functions and characteristics of the Rosaceae LYP genes and a guide for the identification of other candidate LYPs for further genetic improvements for pathogen-resistance in higher plants.

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MAMP-triggered plant immunity mediated by the LysM-receptor kinase CERK1

et al. 2018

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Functional characterization of an apple (Malus x domestica) LysM domain receptor encoding gene for its role in defense response

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Overexpression of an apple LysM-containing protein gene, MdCERK1–2, confers improved resistance to the pathogenic fungus, Alternaria alternata, in Nicotiana benthamiana

Overexpression of an apple LysM-containing protein gene, MdCERK1–2, confers improved resistance to the pathogenic fungus, Alternaria alternata, in Nicotiana benthamiana

Genome-wide identification of lysin motif containing protein family genes in eight rosaceae species, and expression analysis in response to pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea in Chinese white pear

MAMP-triggered plant immunity mediated by the LysM-receptor kinase CERK1

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