Functional ceria–salt-composite materials for advanced ITSOFC applications

Zhu, Bin

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00592-x

Cited by 278 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The CBCs (usually containing two phases) and their successful LTSOFC applications have shown great performance improvements that have demonstrated a breakthrough in fuel cell R&D (Zhu, 2001a, b;Zhu et al, 2003aZhu et al, , 2004. New research achievements on the CBC materials showed superionic and dual or hybrid H + /O 2À conduction with a conductivity of 10 À1 S cm À1 below 6008C (Schober, 2005;Zhu, 2003). Currently joint industrial developments on the CBCs have been scaled up for production, to manufacture the practical large cells and develop the kW prototype LTSOFCs.…”

Section: Challenges Methodology and Innovationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, proton conduction exists commonly in many salts, and it often takes place in the two-phase interfaces (Zhu et al, 1999;Zhu, 2000Zhu, , 2001c. In the ceria-salt composites the ceria is the host O 2À conducting phase, while H + conduction may exist in the 2nd (guest) salt phase and in the two-phase interfaces (Zhu, 2003)…”

Section: Dual or Hybrid H + And O 2à Conductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Next generation fuel cell R&D

Zhu

2006

Int. J. Energy Res.

101

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SUMMARYThe material innovations and developments can play a key role in realizing solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) commercialization. However, it seems missing in the long SOFC R&D strategy. Recent R&D on innovative ceria-based composites (CBCs) make a breakthrough and open a new research subject on low-temperature (300-6008C) SOFCs. STATE-OF-THE-ARTComing years are a critical period to determine the success of fuel cell technology in the market. Existing fuel cell technologies face the challenge to provide a commercial path, where the system costs and fuel infrastructures are critical bottlenecks. The ability to use the existing infrastructure of hydrocarbon fuels is the most economic solution for the next generation (25 years) until a hydrogen-based infrastructure and economy can be created. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) can operate on readily available hydrocarbon fuels (coal gas, natural gas and biomass fuels for the stationary power generation; alcohol (methanol, ethanol, etc.) and gasoline/diesel for tractionary power applications, which has significant importance for sustainable and environmentally responsible development. The SOFC is a true multi-fuel fuel cell. Other types of fuel cells often need a reformer in order to use hydrocarbon fuels. External reformers add to system costs and complexity and subtract from overall system efficiency. The

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Section: Challenges Methodology and Innovationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dual or Hybrid H + And O 2à Conductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next generation fuel cell R&D

Zhu

2006

Int. J. Energy Res.

101

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“…Again, high proton conductivity is normally only attained at high temperatures, which is a significant drawback to the application of such materials [90]. Recently, efforts have been made to prepare so-called intermediate temperature (400-700°C) mixed electron and proton-conducting composite materials of a fluorite structure, but only limited reports on the proton conductivity of such materials that would be relevant to H 2 separation have surfaced [91,92].…”

Section: Pyrochloresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of proton conductors for hydrogen separation

Phair

Badwal

2006

Ionics

220

132

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There is a global push to develop a range of hydrogen technologies for timely adoption of the hydrogen economy. This is critical in view of the depleting oil reserves and looming transport fuel shortage, global warming, and increasing pollution. Molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) can be generated by a number of renewable and fossil-fuel-based resources. However, given the high cost of H 2 generation by renewable energy at this stage, fossil or carbon fuels are likely to meet the short-to medium-term demand for hydrogen. In view of this, effective technologies are required for the separation of H 2 from a gas feed (by-products of coal or bio-mass gasification plants, or gases from fossil fuel partial oxidation or reforming) consisting mainly of H 2 and CO 2 with small quantities of other gases such as CH 4 , CO, H 2 O, and traces of sulphur compounds. Several technologies are under development for hydrogen separation. One such technology is based on ion transport membranes, which conduct protons or both protons and electrons. Although these materials have been considered for other applications, such as gas sensors, fuel cells and water electrolysis, the interest in their use as gas separation membranes has developed only recently. In this paper, various classes of proton-conducting materials have been reviewed with specific emphasis on their potential use as H 2 separation membranes in the industrial processes of coal gasification, natural gas reforming, methanol reforming and the watergas shift (WGS) reaction. Key material requirements for their use in these applications have been discussed.

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“…Figure 5 shows the I-V and I-P curves of the cell. The maximum power density reaches 900 mW cm À2 at 6001C, which is much higher than some of the reports [5,6,[14][15][16] at the comparable operating temperatures. The excellent power density can be attributed to the highly ionic conductivity of the composite electrolyte and the highly electrocatalytic activity of the anode material and the cathode material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Composite electrolyte based on nanostructured Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9(SDC) for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Gao

Mao

Wang

et al. 2009

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYNanostructured Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 (SDC) is investigated for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells based on SDC-30 wt% (53 mol% Li 2 CO 3 :47 mol% Na 2 CO 3 ) composite electrolyte in this work. SDC is prepared by the combined citrate and EDTA complexing method. X-ray powder diffraction shows that it forms a well-cubic fluorite structure after being sintered at 7001C for 2 h. The particle is about 12 nm detected by the transmission electron microscopy. Conductivity for the composite is much higher than the pure SDC at comparable temperatures. A transition of ionic conductivity occurs at 4501C for the composite electrolyte. The single cells are fabricated by a simple dry-pressing process and tested at 450-6001C. A maximum power density of 900 mW cmÀ2 and the open-circuit voltage of 0.92 V are achieved at 6001C. The conduction mechanism has been discussed by comparing the conductivity of composite electrolyte under different conditions. AC impedance for single cell indicates that the electrochemical process involving cathode and anode reactions is the rate-limiting step.

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Functional ceria–salt-composite materials for advanced ITSOFC applications

Cited by 278 publications

References 33 publications

Next generation fuel cell R&D

Next generation fuel cell R&D

Review of proton conductors for hydrogen separation

Composite electrolyte based on nanostructured Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9(SDC) for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

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Functional ceria–salt-composite materials for advanced ITSOFC applications

Cited by 278 publications

References 33 publications

Next generation fuel cell R&D

Next generation fuel cell R&D

Review of proton conductors for hydrogen separation

Composite electrolyte based on nanostructured Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(SDC) for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Composite electrolyte based on nanostructured Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9(SDC) for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells