Next generation fuel cell R&amp;D

Zhu, Bin

doi:10.1002/er.1195

Cited by 101 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…It opens a new interesting subject for research. [37,38]; these are more considered as an interfacial mechanism [39]; for electrodes, the ceria-two-phase materials including electronic conductor and catalysts, for example NiO, CuO, WO 3 , MoO 3 , and carbon nanotubes, act the electrode functions. We have recently been using the nanocomposite or NANOCOFC approach successfully developed nanocomposite electrode materials, as shown in Figure 7, where the nano-catalyst particles (5-10 nm range) are highly homogenously distributed in the composite electrode, resulting in high catalyst and electrode functions and LTSOFC performances.…”

Section: Architecture 2 Nano-wires and Long Ionic Conduction Paths/cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these microstructural information will be very valuable to help improve the design of materials Furthermore, conventional doping methodology in developing functional nanocomposites is not only used to create structural defects same as the conventional way, but more importantly as the particle surface modifier of the nanoenvironment to build functionalized interfaces upon using controlled surface reactions in both heterogeneous and homogeneous. Many new nanocomposites and functionalized interfaces or interfacial functionalities will be developed for successful LT, 300-6001C SOFCs, next generation FC R&D [39]. Among all interfacial functionalities, the ionic conductivity or low temperature, 300-6001C superionic conduction is most important for LTSOFC R&D. Unlike the conventional superionic conduction that appears in a single-phase material accompanying a structural change, the superionic conduction in the composites is determined by the interfaces, that is a process breaks symmetry of matrix by introducing a structural discontinuity [9].…”

Section: Architecture 2 Nano-wires and Long Ionic Conduction Paths/cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technical challenges and solutions from nano-aspects

Zhu

2009

Int. J. Energy Res.

118

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SUMMARYThe classical (over 100 years) oxygen ion conductor and theory for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have met critical challenges, which are caused by the electrolyte material, the heart of the SOFC. Ionic conductivity of 0.1 S cm À1 as a basic requirement limits conventional SOFC electrolyte material, yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) functioning at ca. 10001C. Such high temperature prevents SOFC technology from commercialization. Design and development of materials functioning at low temperatures are therefore a critical challenge. State of the art of the nanotechnology remarks a great potential for SOFCs. Through a review of typical SOFC electrolyte materials and analysis of the ionic conduction theory as well as constrains and disadvantages in single-phase materials, the need for design, development and theory of new materials are obvious. Our approach is to design and develop two-phase materials and functionalities at interfaces between the constituent phases in nanotech-based composites, that is nanocomposites. The nano-and composite technologies can realize superionic conduction by constructing the interfaces as 'ion highways'. Manipulation of the interphases of the nanocomposites can overcome SOFC challenges and thus enhance and improve material conductivity and FC performance at significantly lower temperatures (300-6001C).

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Section: Architecture 2 Nano-wires and Long Ionic Conduction Paths/cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Architecture 2 Nano-wires and Long Ionic Conduction Paths/cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technical challenges and solutions from nano-aspects

Zhu

2009

Int. J. Energy Res.

118

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“…The research trend portrays that by the end of next decade, EVs, HEVs and Fuel cell Vehicles (FCVs) will be able to compete with the conventional vehicle in the market [1][2]. Recently, numerous researchers are focusing specifically on FCVs [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Golf Car Application Based Performance Analysis of a Generic Neighborhood Fuel Cell Vehicle (NFCV) Powertrain

Ms¹

2014

Adv Automob Eng

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In this work, a preliminary lay out of hybrid fuel cell-battery vehicle is developed and a 2012 GEM eL Golf car is evaluated and designed for analogous vehicle requirements. Packaging of electrified powertrain modules have been assessed and proposed. Further, the conceptual design is simulated as a series hybrid PEM fuel cell-Li-ion battery vehicle model in Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT ® ) software. The output performance of the vehicle with the proposed electrified powertrain components is obtained, analyzed and the results are deemed satisfactory and in par with the performance of the conventional vehicle. This design can be implemented in the long run to general vehicles also, thus creating independence from fossil fuels. in some models. A design proposal is desirable that can perplexed the conventional le lead-acid battery powered hurdles and provide round the clock smooth ride specially at public places with substantial mobility requirements. The proposed design should be reliable with a capability to drive the vehicle for extended duration s without compromising the performance and with negligible requisite to recharge or refuel. Golf Car Application Based Performance Analysis of a GenericThese challenges can be addressed by implementing a hybridized powertrain consists of existing electric motors, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell and a Li-ion battery bank managed by smart hybrid control protocol. The main source of propulsion will be hydrogen fuel cell with the battery bank as backup power for periods of peak demand like starting-up PEM fuel cell, acceleration, uphill drive and other transient conditions. The proposed smart hybrid control protocol will be implemented for the power managements under diverse load condition. Li-ion batteries have enhanced efficiency with comparatively less packaging and weight requirements than a lead acid battery. There is an additional initial cost to the proposed electrified powertrain components but as the results will show that performance overcomes the cost in the long run.The model considered for the research analysis and design is the 2012 GEM eL Golf Car as shown on manufacturer's website in ( Figure 3) and the specifications are listed in (Table 1). NFCV powertrain components overviewThe additional essential electric powertrain components for the proposed golf car platform are PEM fuel cell, Li-ion battery, and a smart hybrid controller. PEM fuel cellProton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell was devised at General Electric (GE) in 1955 as an off shoot of the research accomplishments of Thomas Grubb and Leonard Niedrach [11][12][13]. Being an environmentally friendly power source, scholars are exploring the usage of PEM fuel cells for both mobile and stationary applications [13]. The traction power produced by fuel cell is based on the reduction reaction of oxygen from the atmosphere with the hydrogen as fuel to produce water vapors. The reaction set is as follows:The cumulative reaction is:Employing the chemical reaction of equation 3 ...

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“…Among the various types of fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has attracted considerable interest as it can offer a wide application scope, flexibility in fuel type, higher system efficiency and possibility of operation with an internal reformer [1][2][3]. SOFC also has a merit of waste heat with high quality, so it can easily integrate with the conventional heat engines to realize the integration of non-thermodynamic cycle power generation process and traditional thermodynamic cycle power generation system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter optimization study on SOFC-MGT hybrid power system

Duan

Yang

2010

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYThis paper mainly studied the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-micro gas turbine (MGT) hybrid power system. The key parameters that greatly influence the overall system performance have been studied and optimized. The thermodynamic potential of improving the hybrid system performance by integrating SOFC with the advanced thermal cycle system is analyzed. The optimization rules of main parameters of SOFC-MGT hybrid power system with the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of MGT as a constraint condition are revealed. The research results show that TIT is a key parameter that limits the electrical efficiency of hybrid power system. With the increase of the cell number, both the power generation efficiency of the hybrid cycle power system and TIT increase. Regarding the hybrid system with the fixed cell number, in order to get a higher electrical efficiency, the operating temperature of SOFC should be enhanced as far as possible. However, the higher operating temperature will result in the higher TIT. Increasing of fuel utilization factor is an effective measure to improve the performance of hybrid system. At the same time, TIT increases slightly. Both the electrical efficiency of hybrid power system and TIT reduce with the increase of the ratio of steam to carbon. The achievements obtained from this paper will provide valuable information for further study on SOFC-MGT hybrid power system with high efficiency.

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Next generation fuel cell R&D

Cited by 101 publications

References 26 publications

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technical challenges and solutions from nano-aspects

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technical challenges and solutions from nano-aspects

Golf Car Application Based Performance Analysis of a Generic Neighborhood Fuel Cell Vehicle (NFCV) Powertrain

Parameter optimization study on SOFC-MGT hybrid power system

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