Functional Carbon Nitride Materials in Photo‐Fenton‐Like Catalysis for Environmental Remediation

Abstract

Among various advanced oxidation processes, coupled photocatalysis and heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysis (known as photo-Fenton-like catalysis) to generate highly reactive species for environmental remediation has attracted wide interests. As an emerging metal-free photocatalyst, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 , CN) has been recently recognized as a promising candidate to catalyze robustly heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like reactions for wastewater remediation. This review summarizes recent progress in fabricating various types of CN-based catalysts for the photo-Fenton-like reaction process. Innovative engineering strategies on the CN matrix are outlined, ranging from morphology control, defect engineering, nonmetal atom doping, organic molecule doping to modification by metal-containing species. The photo-Fenton-like catalytic activities of CN loaded with auxiliary sub-nanoscale (e.g., quantum dots, organometallic molecules, metal cations, and single atom metals) and nanoscale metal-based materials are critically evaluated. Hybridization of CN with bandgap-matching semiconductors for the construction of type-II and Z-scheme heterojunctions are also examined. The critical factors (e.g., morphology, dimensionality, light absorption, charge excitation/migration, catalytic sites, H 2 O 2 generation and activation) that determine the performance of CN-based photocatalysts in Fenton-like catalysis are systematically discussed. After examining the structure-activity relationship, research perspectives are proposed for further development of CN-based photocatalysts toward more efficient photo-Fenton-like reactions and their application in practical water treatment.

Dual-Mode-Driven Micromotor Based on Foam-like Carbon Nitride and Fe3O4 with Improved Manipulation and Photocatalytic Performance

“…Comparably, visible light greatly accelerates the Fenton reaction and generation of electron–hole pairs in f-C 3 N 4 , inducing the formation of more reactive oxygen species, which help the diffusiophoretic propulsion of the Fe 3 O 4 /f-C 3 N 4 motor. Moreover, when visible light and H 2 O 2 fuel are integrated, the MSD curves show an enhanced transition from linear to parabolic dependence in the time interval Δ t (Figure d) due to the light-activated photo-Fenton reaction. ,,− …”

Recognition of “Oxygen-/Water-Fueled” PET-RAFT Protocol Matched to Covalent Organic Frameworks

“…The valence band potentials (E VB ) of TD-1 COF, TD-2 COF, and TD-3 COF are + 1.20, + 1.68, and +1.52 V vs NHE, respectively, in association with the optical band gap (Figure 4c and Table S1). The insufficiently positive potential relative to OH • /H 2 O (2.73 V vs NHE) 43 renders the direct oxidation of H 2 O by holes to generate hydroxyl radicals (OH • ) an infeasible path. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra (Figure 4d) depict the relatively lowest fluorescence intensity for TD-2 COF, followed by TD-1 COF.…”

Enhanced chemodynamic and photoluminescence efficiencies of Fe–O4 coordinated carbon dots via the core–shell synergistic effect

“…Photochemical regulation of the catalytic behavior is highly desirable owing to the high spatiotemporal resolution of light. [25][26][27][28] Recently, several groups have reported the lightenhanced or regulated catalytic efficiency of nanocatalytic medicines. [29][30][31][32] However, their photoactivation mechanisms are attributed to their simple photothermal and/or photocatalysis effects.…”