Functional Brain Mapping of Monkey Tool Use

Obayashi, Shigeru; Suhara, Tetsuya; Kawabe, Koichi; Okauchi, Takashi; Maeda, Jun; Akine, Yoshihide; Onoe, Hirotaka; Iriki, Atsushi

doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0878

Cited by 198 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Interestingly, Iriki and co-workers [33,51] showed direct evidences of tool use-induced anatomical modifications in the temporal and parietal cortices, and the development of new cortico-cortical connections. Furthermore, this plasticity process appears to involve regions that are crucial for hand grasping [52]. In an evolutionary perspective, it is possible that cortical areas more susceptible to modifications as a result of tool use became more specialized for this function and separated from those just involved in sensorimotor transformation for hand grasping [53,54], supporting the idea that the use of tools required brain changes that determined the appearance of a new network.…”

Section: Conclusion and Evolutionary Remarksmentioning

confidence: 95%

Individual and social learning processes involved in the acquisition and generalization of tool use in macaques

Macellini

Maranesi

Bonini

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Macaques can efficiently use several tools, but their capacity to discriminate the relevant physical features of a tool and the social factors contributing to their acquisition are still poorly explored. In a series of studies, we investigated macaques' ability to generalize the use of a stick as a tool to new objects having different physical features (study 1), or to new contexts, requiring them to adapt the previously learned motor strategy (study 2). We then assessed whether the observation of a skilled model might facilitate tool-use learning by naive observer monkeys (study 3). Results of study 1 and study 2 showed that monkeys trained to use a tool generalize this ability to tools of different shape and length, and learn to adapt their motor strategy to a new task. Study 3 demonstrated that observing a skilled model increases the observers' manipulations of a stick, thus facilitating the individual discovery of the relevant properties of this object as a tool. These findings support the view that in macaques, the motor system can be modified through tool use and that it has a limited capacity to adjust the learnt motor skills to a new context. Social factors, although important to facilitate the interaction with tools, are not crucial for tool-use learning.

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Section: Conclusion and Evolutionary Remarksmentioning

confidence: 95%

Individual and social learning processes involved in the acquisition and generalization of tool use in macaques

Macellini

Maranesi

Bonini

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…However, this is an unlikely hypothesis for the mirror neuron system in the light of several recent studies demonstrating its responsiveness to 'unnatural stimuli', such as the observation of tool use (Ferrari et al, 2005;Järveläinen et al, 2004;Obayashi et al, 2001) and the sound of paper ripping (Kohler et al, 2002), and of studies showing that the responsivity of the mirror neuron system varies with expertise in the observed action domain (e.g. Calvo-Merino et al, 2005;Lahav et al, 2007).…”

Section: Mapping Observed To Executed Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calvo-Merino et al, 2005;Lahav et al, 2007). If the development of imitation, and the mirror neuron system, is instead experience-dependent, then it may draw on three kinds of experience: unimodal sensory (Ferrari et al, 2005), unimodal motor (Calvo-Merino et al, 2006) or sensorimotor experience (Heyes, 2001;Heyes et al, 2005;Keysers and Perrett, 2004;Lahav et al, 2007;Obayashi et al, 2001). Unimodal sensory experience is provided by passive observation of an action, whereas unimodal motor experience arises from repeated execution of an action.…”

Section: Mapping Observed To Executed Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects of learning and expertise could be the result of either unimodal sensory exposure (Ferrari et al, 2005), unimodal motor experience (Calvo-Merino et al, 2006), or correlated sensorimotor experience (Heyes, 2001;Heyes et al, 2005;Keysers and Perrett, 2004;Lahav et al, 2007;Obayashi et al, 2001). Experiment 2 explicitly examined the role of sensorimotor experience in such learning effects.…”

Section: Effects Of Learning and Expertise On The Mirror Neuron Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experience-based priming of body parts: A study of action imitation

et al. 2008

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Abstract:Two important dimensions of action are the movement and the body part with which the movement is effected. Experiment 1 tested whether automatic imitation is sensitive to the body part dimension of action. We found that hand and foot movements were selectively primed by observation of a corresponding, task-irrelevant effector in motion.Experiment 2 used this body part priming effect to investigate the role of sensorimotor learning in the development of imitation. The results showed that incompatible training, in which observation of hand movements was paired with execution of foot movements and vice versa, led to a greater reduction in body part priming than compatible training, in which subjects experienced typical contingencies between observation and execution of hand and foot movements. These findings are consistent with the assumption that overt behavioral imitation is mediated by the mirror neuron system, which is somatotopically organized. Our results also support the hypothesis that the development of imitation and the mirror neuron system are driven by correlated sensorimotor learning. Section: Cognitive and behavioral neuroscience

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“…There are two hurdles that make this difficult. First, the complexities of many human behaviors, such as use of tools or communicative gestures have relatively few counterparts in the non-human primates [Obayashi et al, 2001[Obayashi et al, , 2002. Second, the non-invasive methods available for human neurophysiology lack the temporal resolution to establish neural selectivity analogous to what can be done with single unit recordings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetition suppression for performed hand gestures revealed by fMRI

Hamilton

Grafton

2008

Human Brain Mapping

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Abstract:The functional components of the human motor system that are used to retrieve and execute simple intransitive hand gestures were identified with a repetition suppression (RS) paradigm. Participants performed movements with the right hand to text instructions in a rapid event related design with a pseudo-random stimulus order. Brain areas associated with action retrieval were identified by comparing trials where an action was repeated to trials that involved a new action. Performance of a novel action, collapsed across individual actions, resulted in significantly greater activity in a left hemisphere predominant fronto-parietal circuit involving inferior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal cortex (supramarginal gyrus). This is consistent with previous action retrieval tasks using go, no-go paradigms and lesion studies of patients with apraxia that emphasize a role of these areas in action organization. In addition, RS effects were present in left primary sensorimotor cortex. These effects cannot be ascribed to kinematic differences, simple action related activity or differences of cognitive set. Significant RS effects for action retrieval could be identified with as little as 5 min of fMRI data and underscores the potential of using RS to characterize representational structure within the motor system. Hum Brain Mapp 00:000-000, 2009. V V C 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Functional Brain Mapping of Monkey Tool Use

Cited by 198 publications

References 54 publications

Individual and social learning processes involved in the acquisition and generalization of tool use in macaques

Individual and social learning processes involved in the acquisition and generalization of tool use in macaques

Experience-based priming of body parts: A study of action imitation

Repetition suppression for performed hand gestures revealed by fMRI

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