Functional biomaterials for osteoarthritis treatment: From research to application

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease that endangers millions of middle‐aged and elderly people worldwide. Researchers from different fields have made great efforts and achieved remarkable progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of OA. However, there is still no cure for OA. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of OA and summarize the current clinical therapies. Moreover, we introduce various natural and synthetic biomaterials for drug release, cartilage transplantation, and joint lubricant during the OA treatment. We also present our perspectives and insights on OA treatment in the future. We hope that this review will foster communication and collaboration among biological, clinical, and biomaterial researchers, paving the way for OA therapeutic breakthroughs.

Photo-crosslinked integrated triphasic scaffolds with gradient composition and strength for osteochondral regeneration

“…4,5 However, the repair of osteochondral defects involves three components: cartilage, cartilage–bone interface, and subchondral bone, making achieving satisfactory repair outcomes highly challenging. 6–9…”

“…4,5 However, the repair of osteochondral defects involves three components: cartilage, cartilage-bone interface, and subchondral bone, making achieving satisfactory repair outcomes highly challenging. [6][7][8][9] Existing osteochondral repair materials mainly consist of natural polymers [10][11][12][13][14][15] such as hyaluronic acid, collagen (COL), gelatin (GEL), alginate (ALG), and chondroitin sulfate (CS), and bioceramics 14,[16][17][18] including hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), calcium silicate, bioactive glass, and their composites. These scaffolds are combined with active substances such as transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), or cells including bone mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts to enhance the regenerative capacity of the scaffolds for both cartilage and bone regeneration.…”

Hierarchical Microcarriers Loaded with Peptide Dendrimer‐Grafted Methotrexate for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

“…to reduce tissue damage and provide targeted treatment. [16,[34][35][36][37][38] Thus, it is conceivable that the combination of peptide dendrimer-based nanoparticles and HAMA microparticles as MTX carriers would provide a distinctive strategy for RA treatment.…”

“…[ 25–33 ] They have superior injectability and can be minimally implanted into the joint cavity with sustained retention to reduce tissue damage and provide targeted treatment. [ 16,34–38 ] Thus, it is conceivable that the combination of peptide dendrimer‐based nanoparticles and HAMA microparticles as MTX carriers would provide a distinctive strategy for RA treatment.…”

Hypoxia and Matrix Metalloproteinase 13‐Responsive Hydrogel Microspheres Alleviate Osteoarthritis Progression In Vivo

“…[14][15][16] Owing to the less invasive injectability, a larger specific surface area, more accurate size control, and more uniform dispersibility compared with the bulk hydrogels, the hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) have been paid much attention to in the case of constructing novel drug delivery systems for intraarticular injection of OA therapy. [17][18][19][20][21] They can effectively solve the problems of low bioavailability, repeated injection, and side effects. [22][23][24] For example, Yang et al prepared the hydrogel microspheres of GelMA@Lipo@KGN by methacrylated gelatin and liposomes loaded with Kartogenin (KGN).…”