Functional Bilingualism: Definition and Ways of Assessment

Nagel, Olga V.; Temnikova, Irina; Wylie, Judith; Koksharova, Nataliya Faritovna

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.625

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Third, this study adopted the length of learning English of 15years as the last cut-off between AEL and IEL. As implied by the related studies, it normally took 5 to 10years to develop a preliminary academic English proficiency, and even longer to reach an advanced level (Aoyama et al, 2004;Hakuta et al, 2000;Jia et al, 2006;Nagel et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

L2 Proficiency Level Influences Loanword Adaptation: Variable Adaptation of English Co-occurrence of Low Vowel and Nasal Into Mandarin

Wang

2023

SAGE Open

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As the most commonly established and attested language contact phenomenon, loanwords, also known as lexical borrowings, may undergo transformations when borrowed from the source language (SL) to the borrowing language (BL). Previous studies have separately illustrated the role of perception and phonology in the borrowing process. However, the speech perception or phonology contributes more to the adaptation pattern in some cases than others. Few studies attempt to explain this phenomenon. To fill in the gap, the present study hypothesizes that differences in borrowers’ L2 proficiency level of the SL are the potential source. To examine this hypothesis, an online adaptation experiment was designed and conducted. The experiment examines how Mandarin Chinese native speakers adapt the English non-words ended in the combination of low vowel and nasal coda. The results suggest that BL monolinguals and less proficient L2 learners of the SL tend to use a phonetic mapping strategy guided by the backness of vowels, while advanced learners of the SL are more likely to adopt a phonological mapping strategy based on coda nasal place. This paper concludes by proposing that borrowers’ L2 proficiency level has an effect on the certain randomized variations in the process of loanword adaptation.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

L2 Proficiency Level Influences Loanword Adaptation: Variable Adaptation of English Co-occurrence of Low Vowel and Nasal Into Mandarin

Wang

2023

SAGE Open

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“…However, in this minority community Hebrew is very much present. Educated adults are functionally bilingual (Nagel et al, 2015) in varying degrees, according to level of education and working places. Most adults codeswitch intensively in their in-group discourse and read Hebrew newspapers; news on TV are often heard in Hebrew, though Arab channels are very popular.…”

Section: Hebrew and Arabic In Israelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of interference from L1 Arabic in written Hebrew

Henkin¹

2020

L1 Educational Studies in Language and Literature

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“…Bilinguals are those who master two languages (Nagel et al, 2015). According to the proficiency level of bilingual experience, bilinguals can be proficient and non-proficient bilinguals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of bilingual experience on executive function under emotional interference: Evidence from the N1 component

2023

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The influence of bilingual education and experience on an individual’s information-processing ability has recently been a hot issue in international studies. Previous studies have found that bilingual experience affects executive function, but the results remain controversial. Executive function refers to the conscious control of purposeful behavior. It is responsible for processing high-level action controls, including such sub-functions as inhibitory control, cognitive switching, and working memory updating. Emotion, as an essential factor in daily life, also has a complex interaction with executive function. This paper explores whether the bilingual cognitive advantage effect can continue in the more complex conditions of emotional interference. To investigate the specific electrophysiological characteristics of the participants at different stages of cognitive processing, we used a combination of the behavioral and ERP experiments in which the positive, neutral, and negative emotional stimuli were selected as emotional interference conditions and the emotional Simon paradigm, the cognitive switching of emotion paradigm, and the emotional N-back paradigm was adopted. The results show that the main effect of the N1 component amplitude is significant. Specifically, the amplitude of the N1 component in the proficient bilinguals is significantly smaller than that of the non-proficient bilinguals, while the main effects of other component groups are not significant, indicating that under the condition of emotional interference, the influence of bilingual experience on executive function only exists in the early attention stage and that the bilingual experience can improve the individual’s attentional control and speed up attention processing in the early attention stage.

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Functional Bilingualism: Definition and Ways of Assessment

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

L2 Proficiency Level Influences Loanword Adaptation: Variable Adaptation of English Co-occurrence of Low Vowel and Nasal Into Mandarin

L2 Proficiency Level Influences Loanword Adaptation: Variable Adaptation of English Co-occurrence of Low Vowel and Nasal Into Mandarin

Persistence of interference from L1 Arabic in written Hebrew

The influence of bilingual experience on executive function under emotional interference: Evidence from the N1 component

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