Functional B@mCN-assisted photocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived pentoses and hexoses to lactic acid

Abstract

The integration of biorefinery and photocatalysis is the most promising approach to enable green and efficient synthesis of biomass-based high value chemicals. Herein, a novel and functional carbon nitride photocatalyst...

K/O co-doping and introduction of cyano groups in polymeric carbon nitride towards efficient simultaneous solar photocatalytic water splitting and biorefineries

“…For example, a series of photocatalytic systems (e.g., Ut-OCN, B@mCN, CuO@CS-H, CC 1 @mCN x and Cu/Cu 2 O/CuO@CA) with high efficiency, low cost and mild reaction conditions were developed for lactic acid production from biomass-derived sugars. [11][12][13][14][15] The photocatalytic selective oxidation of monosaccharides for the production of lactic acid is an alternative to the oxidation halfreaction of water splitting for hydrogen generation, which displays excellent green nature, environmental protection and economy. However, the key to achieving this process is the development of efficient, low cost and environmentally friendly photocatalysts.…”

Nitrogen-doped biochar nanosheets facilitate charge separation of a Bi/Bi2O3 nanosphere with a Mott–Schottky heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic reforming of biomass

“…To gain more insight into the Bi/Bi 2 O 3 @N-BC photocatalytic system, a series of reported photocatalytic or thermo-catalytic systems for lactic acid production from xylose was investigated. All the photocatalytic systems, i.e., Bi/Bi 2 O 3 @N-BC, B@mCN, 28 Ut-OCN 29 and CuO@CS-H 20 achieved virtually complete conversion of xylose (Table 1, entries 1-4). Interestingly, the yield of lactic acid for the Bi/Bi 2 O 3 @N-BC system was higher than that for B@mCN, Ut-OCN and CuO@CS-H, which also suffered from relatively short reaction times or low reaction temperature.…”

“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In biorefinery, lactic acid has been listed as one of the top 12 high value-added bio-based chemicals by the United States Department of Energy, and it is widely applied in the fields of food, medicine, chemical industry and architecture. 20,28,29 Consequently, the production of lactic acid has attracted increasing research attention. Traditional methods for the synthesis of lactic acid are mainly based on biocatalysis and thermal-catalysis.…”

“…Unfortunately, most of these methods require long reaction times, tedious separation processes and harsh reaction conditions such as high reaction temperatures, high pressures and strongly alkaline reaction systems. Recently, various photocatalytic systems (e.g., Ut-OCN, B@mCN and CuO@CS-H) have been successfully used in lactic acid production, 20,28,29 which demonstrates the significance of selecting the appropriate photocatalyst for this process. However, the yield of lactic acid needs to be further improved, and the reaction time can be further shortened.…”

Recent Advances and Challenges in Photoreforming of Biomass‐Derived Feedstocks into Hydrogen, Biofuels, or Chemicals by Using Functional Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts

“…In our latest work, we developed a novel and functional carbon nitride photocatalyst (B@ m CN) to implement the photocatalytic oxidation of pentoses and hexoses into lactic acid [148] . Interestingly, the B@ m CN photocatalyst displayed outstanding performance in conversion of biomass‐derived monosaccharides into lactic acid (92.7 %).…”