Functional associations among trauma, ptsd, and substance-related disorders

Stewart, Sherry H.; Pihl, Robert O.; Conrod, Patricia J.; Dongier, M

doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00070-7

Cited by 270 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

194

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. (Foa, Zinbarg, & Rothbaum, 1992), and may bear different functional relationships with interpersonal functioning, with physical health, and with symptoms often found co-morbid with post-traumatic stress symptoms (Kimerling, Clum, & Wolfe, 2000;Ruscio, Weathers, King, & King, 2002;Stewart, Conrod, Pihl, & Dongier, 1999;Stewart, Pihl, Conrod, & Dongier, 1998). Thus, a clear understanding of the nature of PTSD symptom clusters has the potential to inform both knowledge of how various PTSD symptoms develop and how these symptoms relate to co-occurring difficulties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in three female trauma samples: A comparison of interview and self-report measures

Scher

McCreary

Asmundson

et al. 2008

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Empirical research increasingly suggests that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is comprised of four factors: re-experiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal. Nonetheless, there remains some inconsistency in the findings of factor analyses that form the bulk of this empirical literature.One source of such inconsistency may be assessment measure idiosyncrasies. To examine this issue, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses of interview and self-report data across three trauma samples. Analyses of the interview data indicated a good fit for a four-factor model across all samples; analyses of the self-report data indicated an adequate fit in two of three samples. Overall, findings suggest that measure idiosyncrasies may account for some of the inconsistency in previous factor analyses of PTSD symptoms. KeywordsFactor structure; Measurement; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Psychological assessment; Test validity; Trauma Both the revised third edition and the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R, DSM-IV; American Psychiatric and Association, 1987, 1994) classify post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as an anxiety disorder that develops in response to a perceived traumatic event. The diagnosis of PTSD is further characterized by three distinct symptom clusters: (1) re-experiencing of the traumatic event through such phenomena as dreams, flashbacks, and intrusive, distressing thoughts; (2) avoidance and © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 714 278 8428; fax: +1 714 278 7134. cscher@fullerton.edu (C.D. Scher).. Publisher's Disclaimer: This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. (Foa, Zinbarg, & Rothbaum, 1992), and may bear different functional relationships with interpersonal functioning, with physical health, and with symptoms often found co-morbid with post-traumatic stress symptoms (Kimerling, Clum, & Wolfe, 2000;Ruscio, Weathers, King, & King, 2002;Stewart, Conrod, Pihl, & Dongier, 1999;Stewart, Pihl, Conrod, & Dongier, 1998). Thus, a clear understanding of the nature of PTSD symptom clusters has the potential to inform both knowledge of how various PTSD symptoms develop and how these symptoms relate to co-occurring difficulties.Nonetheless, since the advent of DSM-III-R, the adequacy of these clusters for describing PTSD has been questioned. Much of this questioning derives from the findings of factor analyses that have consistently reported between two and four factors, and which have not supported the three-factor, hierarchical structure of PTSD symptoms outlined in the DS...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in three female trauma samples: A comparison of interview and self-report measures

Scher

McCreary

Asmundson

et al. 2008

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite general consensus that the combination of PTSD and AUD is associated with worse outcomes for both disorders (Stewart et al, 1998), few longitudinal studies have been conducted soon after trauma exposure. Because the impact of previous AUD on development of PTSD has been relatively understudied, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of AUD on the course of PTSD symptoms in female crime victims early post trauma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants who had alcohol problems had the same pattern of symptom recovery as those who did not have alcohol problems but remained more symptomatic over the 3 months. These findings suggest that early intervention strategies for women who have previous histories of alcohol problems and seek medical attention early post trauma may be indicated.Exposure to traumatic stressors has been associated with development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), elevated rates of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), and frequent comorbidity of the two disorders (Breslau, Davis, Peterson, & Schultz, 1997;Stewart, Pihl, Conrod, & Dongier, 1998). AUDs have been associated with more severe PTSD symptoms, such as elevated avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms (Back, Sonne, Killeen, Dansky, & Brady, 2003;Stewart, Conrod, Pihl, & Dongier, 1999) and more reexperiencing symptoms (Read, Brown, & Kahler, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, women appear more vulnerable to alcohol-related consequences at lower levels of alcohol exposure than men (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2004). However, the impact of this vulnerability on the course of PTSD in women has not been examined to date.Despite general consensus that the combination of PTSD and AUD is associated with worse outcomes for both disorders (Stewart et al, 1998), few longitudinal studies have been conducted soon after trauma exposure. Because the impact of previous AUD on development of PTSD has been relatively understudied, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of AUD on the course of PTSD symptoms in female crime victims early post trauma.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Alcohol problems and posttraumatic stress disorder in female crime victims

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Comorbidity between alcohol use and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been well documented. However, there are few longitudinal studies with acute trauma samples. The present study examined symptoms of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and PTSD longitudinally after assault. Female sexual (n = 69) and physical assault victims (n = 39) were assessed 2 to 4 weeks and 3 months post trauma. Women who had lifetime AUD had higher intrusive and avoidance symptoms than those who did not have AUD. Women who had any alcohol problems had higher PTSD symptoms. Participants who had alcohol problems had the same pattern of symptom recovery as those who did not have alcohol problems but remained more symptomatic over the 3 months. These findings suggest that early intervention strategies for women who have previous histories of alcohol problems and seek medical attention early post trauma may be indicated.Exposure to traumatic stressors has been associated with development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), elevated rates of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), and frequent comorbidity of the two disorders (Breslau, Davis, Peterson, & Schultz, 1997;Stewart, Pihl, Conrod, & Dongier, 1998). AUDs have been associated with more severe PTSD symptoms, such as elevated avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms (Back, Sonne, Killeen, Dansky, & Brady, 2003;Stewart, Conrod, Pihl, & Dongier, 1999) and more reexperiencing symptoms (Read, Brown, & Kahler, 2004).Research examining temporal relationships between AUD and PTSD has yielded mixed results (Acierno, Resnick, Kilpatrick, Saunders, & Best, 1999;Breslau et al., 1997;Cottler, Compton, Mager, Spitznagel, & Janca, 1992;Darves-Bornoz et al., 1998;Sonne, Back, Zuniga, Randall, & Brady, 2003). Several studies have found PTSD increases risk of first onset of AUD in women Stewart et al., 1999) (Brady, Back, & Coffey, 2004;Stewart, 1996). Other studies have found AUD may increase risk of development of PTSD or be associated with a more severe and chronic course of symptoms (Acierno et al., 1999;Conrod & Stewart, 2003;Cottler et al., 1992). Additionally, women appear more vulnerable to alcohol-related consequences at lower levels of alcohol exposure than men (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2004). However, the impact of this vulnerability on the course of PTSD in women has not been examined to date.Despite general consensus that the combination of PTSD and AUD is associated with worse outcomes for both disorders (Stewart et al., 1998), few longitudinal studies have been conducted soon after trauma exposure. Because the impact of previous AUD on development of PTSD has been relatively understudied, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of AUD on the course of PTSD symptoms in female crime victims early post trauma. Our results represent a secondary set of analyses from a larger study designed to examine postassault changes in functioning and factors affecting recovery (Kaysen, Scher, Mastnak, & Resick, 2005). For the present study we hypothesize...

show abstract

“…Both trauma exposure and PTSD have also been associated with increased alcohol-related problems (Breslau et al 1997;Kessler, Crum et al 1997;Kilpatrick et al 2000;Ouimette et al 1996;Stewart et al 2004;Stewart et al 1998). Specifically, IPV has been associated with a greater likelihood of alcohol-related consequences (Rice et al 2001) and with heavy episodic drinking (Testa and Leonard 2001;Testa et al 2003).…”

Section: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Physical Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use, and physical health concerns

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PTSD is a risk factor for alcohol problems and both in turn have been independently associated with increased health problems. However, it is unclear whether alcohol use moderates the relationship between PTSD and health. Participants were battered women (N = 336) recruited from local domestic violence shelters and non-shelter victim-assistance agencies. A 2 (PTSD diagnosis) × 3 (abstainer, infrequent/light, regular/heavy drinking) ANCOVA was conducted, with injuries and length of abuse as covariates and health concerns as the dependent variable. Main effects for PTSD and alcohol use were significant but not the interaction. Women with PTSD reported the greatest number of health concerns. Women who abstained from drinking and those who drank regularly/heavily reported more health concerns than the infrequent/light drinkers. Health concerns associated with PTSD do not appear to be due to problem drinking. In addition, infrequent/light drinking, even for women with PTSD, may be associated with fewer health concerns.

show abstract

Functional associations among trauma, ptsd, and substance-related disorders

Cited by 270 publications

References 56 publications

The structure of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in three female trauma samples: A comparison of interview and self-report measures

The structure of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in three female trauma samples: A comparison of interview and self-report measures

Alcohol problems and posttraumatic stress disorder in female crime victims

Posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use, and physical health concerns

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About