Functional and Morphological Observations on the Effect of Cyclophosphamide on the Immune Response of the Chicken

Bt, Rouse; Szenberg, A.

doi:10.1038/icb.1974.87

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(9 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is consistent with earlier reports on the cytotoxicity of CY in chickens (Eskola andToivanen, 1974, 1976;Eskola, 1977;Rouse and Szenberg, 1974). Due to the short-lived alkylating activity of CY in man (Bagley et al, 1973), deaths in poults less than 4 days of age was attributed to CY cytotoxicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Surgical and Chemical In Ovo Bursectomy on Hatchability, Mortality Rate, and Antibody Response in Hypertensive and Hypotensive Lines of Turkeys

et al. 1991

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of in ovo bursectomy on hatchability, mortality rate, and antibody response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) was studied in hypertensive and hypotensive lines of turkeys. Experiments were conducted to assess the optimal time to perform surgical in ovo bursectomy in turkey embryos for the lowest mortality rate. Factors such as the ease of operation, hatchability, and least deaths were considered. Surgical bursectomies at 25, 24, 23, and 22 day embryonation resulted in 75, 20, 0, and 10% hatchability, respectively. The surgical procedure performed at 25-day embryonation resulted in superior hatchability and ease of operation, and it was less traumatic as evidenced by fewer deaths. The hatchability of embryos injected with testosterone (TE) at 15 days incubation was 55%. Birds subjected to surgery or chemical treatment had increased mortality rates. Cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment at 1 and 2 days posthatch caused a significant increase in deaths over groups not treated with CY. Both primary and secondary KLH responses were significantly lower in bursectomized and TE-injected groups, than in shamoperated or nonoperated control groups.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Surgical and Chemical In Ovo Bursectomy on Hatchability, Mortality Rate, and Antibody Response in Hypertensive and Hypotensive Lines of Turkeys

et al. 1991

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Multiple doses of methyl-CCNU, a nitrosourea derivative, caused necrosis of lymphocytes with pronounced effect on the bursa of Fabricius, but the lymphocytic organs were microscopically normal at week 10. Multiple doses of cyclophosphamide (Linna et al, 1972;Rouse and Szenberg, 1974) caused severe and usually permanent depletion of bursal and germinal centre lymphocytes. Splenic lymphocytes were depleted, but thymic morphology was normal within 15 days after treatment.…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxicosis produced in broiler chickens by multiple doses of either t‐2 toxin or diacetoxyscirpenol

et al. 1982

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYT-2 toxin, a 12, 13-epoxytrichothecene mycotoxin, was given by crop gavage to 7-day-old male broiler chickens as 14 daily doses of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mg/kg body weight/day. Diacetoxyscirpenol, also an epoxytrichothecene, was given at doses of 2.5, 3.0,and 3.5 mg/kg/day. Some chickens became dehydrated and emaciated and died. In survivors, body weight and haematocrit were reduced, the feathers were malformed, and the beak and legs were pale yellow. At necropsy, the lymphoid organs were atrophic, bone marrow was pale red or yellow, the liver was discoloured yellow, and the crop mucosa was ulcerated.Microscopic lesions included necrosis and cell depletion in lymphocytic and haematopoietic tissues, and necrosis of hepatocytes, bile ductule epithelium, enteric mucosa, and germinal regions of feather barbs. Other hepatic lesions were fatty change of hepatocytes and hyperplasia of bile ductules. Thyroid follicles were small, contained pale colloid and had tall epithelial cells. T-2 toxin was more detrimental than diacetoxyscirpenol to lymphocytic and haematopoietic tissues.

show abstract

“…Cyclophosphamide is a well-known immunosuppressant, and the dose and the method used in this experiment were thought to be sufficient to suppress the immune response of these ducks [Rouse and Szenberg, 1974;Guputa et al, 1!%3l]. However, as cyclophosphamide had little effect on the replication of DHBV in carrier ducks, an increase in DHBV DNA and extension of the duration of viremia in transient infection seemed to be correlated with an absence of hepatitis in the liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Alteration of infection pattern of duck hepatitis B virus by immunomodulatory drugs

Fukuda

Okinaga

Akagi

et al. 1988

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relationship between host immune state and hepatic inflammation and infection pattern of the Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) was investigated by experimental transmission of DHBV into 98 Japanese 7-day-old ducklings that had been pretreated with immunoregulatory drugs including cyclophosphamide, OK 432, and a steroid hormone. Immunosuppressive treatment with cyclophosphamide revealed an extension of the viremic period associated with an absence of inflammatory changes in the liver. Although immunostimulating treatment with OK 432 showed a remarkable accumulation of inflammatory cells in the liver, the viremic period was not shortened. Treatment with a steroid used as a immunosuppressant did not suppress the hepatitis; moreover, it increased viral DNA replication and extended the viremic period. This phenomenon of viral replication seemed to be caused by the direct effects of the steroid. Alteration of DHBV infection by modifying the host immune state is quite similar to that of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in humans. In DHBV infection, the host immune state seemed to have a considerable role in determining the infection pattern and degree of hepatitis activity. DHBV may be a helpful model of HBV for studying host-viral interaction and the immunological mechanism of viral hepatitis.

show abstract

Functional and Morphological Observations on the Effect of Cyclophosphamide on the Immune Response of the Chicken

Cited by 41 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Surgical and Chemical In Ovo Bursectomy on Hatchability, Mortality Rate, and Antibody Response in Hypertensive and Hypotensive Lines of Turkeys

Effect of Surgical and Chemical In Ovo Bursectomy on Hatchability, Mortality Rate, and Antibody Response in Hypertensive and Hypotensive Lines of Turkeys

Mycotoxicosis produced in broiler chickens by multiple doses of either t‐2 toxin or diacetoxyscirpenol

Alteration of infection pattern of duck hepatitis B virus by immunomodulatory drugs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About