Mycotoxicosis produced in broiler chickens by multiple doses of either t‐2 toxin or diacetoxyscirpenol

Abstract

SUMMARYT-2 toxin, a 12, 13-epoxytrichothecene mycotoxin, was given by crop gavage to 7-day-old male broiler chickens as 14 daily doses of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mg/kg body weight/day. Diacetoxyscirpenol, also an epoxytrichothecene, was given at doses of 2.5, 3.0,and 3.5 mg/kg/day. Some chickens became dehydrated and emaciated and died. In survivors, body weight and haematocrit were reduced, the feathers were malformed, and the beak and legs were pale yellow. At necropsy, the lymphoid organs were atrophic, bone marrow was pale red or yellow, the liver was discoloured yellow, and the crop mucosa was ulcerated.Microscopic lesions included necrosis and cell depletion in lymphocytic and haematopoietic tissues, and necrosis of hepatocytes, bile ductule epithelium, enteric mucosa, and germinal regions of feather barbs. Other hepatic lesions were fatty change of hepatocytes and hyperplasia of bile ductules. Thyroid follicles were small, contained pale colloid and had tall epithelial cells. T-2 toxin was more detrimental than diacetoxyscirpenol to lymphocytic and haematopoietic tissues.

Evaluation of Antimycotoxin Effects of Humate and Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate on Broilers Toxicated with Aflatoxin

“…This in-turn affects the transportation of lipid from the liver (Manegar et al, 2010). The increase in the gizzard weight in this study accords with Huff and Doerr (1981) who postulated that direct exposure of digestive organs to cytotoxins of aflatoxins during digestion process resulting in this response, while Hoerr et al (1982) attributed this increase in weight to irritation properties of mycotoxins by direct contact with organs of upper alimentary tract. (Kubena et al, 1990), which may be due to the results of severe inflammation and thickening of mucosal layer.…”

The pathology of the avian integument: A review

“…The mycotoxins (T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol) of Fusarium sp. have a radiomimetic effect and will produce lesions in feathers as well as other organs (Wyatt et al, 1975;Hoerr et al, 1981Hoerr et al, , 1982. Lesions consist of necrosis of cells in the epidermal collar, rachis and barb ridges of the feather.…”

Effects of T-2 Toxin on Turkey Herpesvirus–Induced Vaccinal Immunity Against Marek's Disease

“…T-2 toxin has previously been shown to reduce body weight gains of white leghorn and broiler chickens (25,70). Chi et al (7) reported that weight gain was most severely affected by T-2 toxin during the first 3 wk of their 9-wk study.…”

“…T-2 toxin has been found to produce necrosis, depletion, and atrophy of lymphoid tissue, lower Band T-cell numbers, inhibit lymphocyte transformation, decrease IgG and IgM antibody levels, and cause lymphocytolysis (12,21,23,25,27,30,31). In addition, T-2 toxin has been reported to induce apoptosis in thymus, hematopoietic tissues and HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells (26,56,73).…”