Functional Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex by Computed Tomography

Gado, Mokhtar H.; Hanaway, Joseph; Frank, Robert

doi:10.1097/00004728-197902000-00001

Cited by 139 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Location and extent of lesions were determined from computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans, referring to stahdard atlases 1. [18][19][20]. Visual acuities were measured using a Snellen chart.…”

Section: Methods Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two distinct deficits of visual tracking caused by unilateral lesions of cerebral cortex in humans

Thurston

Leigh

Crawford

et al. 1988

Annals of Neurology

127

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We studied horizontal visual tracking in 20 patients with unilateral cerebral lesions and in 10 age-matched control subjects. Five patients, all with posterior lesions, showed impaired smooth pursuit of predictable targets moving toward the side of the cerebral lesion. Using nonpredictable step-ramp stimuli, we identified two distinct deficits of visual tracking. The first was a unidirectional deficit of smooth pursuit, for targets moving toward the side of the lesion, in response to stimuli presented into either visual hemifield. The second deficit, identified in a sixth patient who did not show pursuit asymmetry to predictable targets, was a bidirectional inability to estimate the speed of a moving target in the visual hemifield contralateral to the side of the lesion; this caused inaccurate saccades to moving (but not stationary) targets and impaired smooth pursuit initiation. These visual tracking deficits were independent of homonymous hemianopia or hemispatial neglect. These two tracking deficits are similar to those described in rhesus monkeys with lesions of the medial superior temporal and middle temporal visual areas.

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Section: Methods Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two distinct deficits of visual tracking caused by unilateral lesions of cerebral cortex in humans

Thurston

Leigh

Crawford

et al. 1988

Annals of Neurology

127

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“…In the unilateral conditions, each item from an object pair was ' There were no field defects apparent on confrontation testing and the single-item trials and presentation times were selected to ensure that field defects should not contribute to the two-item deficit. Gado, Hanaway, and Frank (1979). The bottom figure shows the 10 slices used.…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of action relations on the configural coding between objects.

Riddoch

Pippard²,

Booth³

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Configural coding is known to take place between the parts of individual objects but has never been shown between separate objects. We provide novel evidence here for configural coding between separate objects through a study of the effects of action relations between objects on extinction. Patients showing visual extinction were presented with pairs of objects that were or were not co-located for action. We first confirmed the reduced extinction effect for objects co-located for action. Consistent with prior results showing that inversion disrupts configural coding, we found that inversion disrupted the benefit for action-related object pairs. This occurred both for objects with a standard canonical orientation (e.g., teapot and teacup) and those without, but where grasping and using the objects was made more difficult by inversion (e.g., spanner and nut). The data suggest that part of the affordance effect may reflect a visuo-motor response to the configural relations between stimuli. Experiment 2 showed that distorting the relative sizes of the objects also reduced the advantage for action-related pairs. We conclude that action-related pairs are processed as configurations.

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“…[7,32,34,41] The introduction of diagnostic imaging methods in clinical practice encouraged the attempt to correlate images, primarily computerized tomography, with functional regions of the brain. [14,20] One decade later, in 1990, Berger, et al, [3] published the first study in which MR imaging data were correlated with motor cortex brain mapping. The authors accurately identified the central sulcus and the precentral (motor) gyrus in nine patients, localizing the pair of transverse (central) sulci easily seen on high-vertex axial MR images.…”

Section: Correlation Between Fmr Imaging and Electrophysiological Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Correlation Between Fmr Imaging and Electrophysiological Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative validation of functional magnetic resonance imaging and cortical reorganization patterns in patients with brain tumors involving the primary motor cortex

Fandiño¹,

Kollias²,

Wieser³

et al. 1999

FOC

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The purpose of the present study was to compare the results of functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging with those of intraoperative cortical stimulation in patients who harbored tumors close to or involving the primary motor area and to assess the usefulness of fMR imaging in the objective evaluation of motor function as part of the surgical strategy in the treatment of these patients. A total of 11 consecutive patients, whose tumors were near to or involving the central region, underwent presurgical blood oxygen level-dependent fMR imaging while performing a motor paradigm that required the patients to clench and spread their hands contra- and ipsilateral to the tumor. Statistical cross-correlation functional maps covering the primary and secondary motor cortical areas were generated and overlaid onto high-resolution anatomical MR images. Intraoperative electrical cortical stimulation was performed to validate the presurgical fMR imaging findings. In nine (82%) of 11 patients, the anatomical fMR imaging localization of motor areas could be verified by intraoperative electrical cortical stimulation. In seven patients two or more activation sites were demonstrated on fMR imaging, which were considered a consequence of reorganization phenomena of the motor cortex: contralateral primary motor area (nine sites), contralateral premotor area (four sites), ipsilateral primary motor area (two sites), and ipsilateral premotor area (four sites). Functional MR imaging can be used to perform objective evaluation of motor function and surgical planning in patients who harbor lesions near or involving the primary motor cortex. Correlation between fMR imaging findings and the results of direct electrical brain stimulation is high, although not 100%. Based on their study, the authors believe that cortical reorganization patterns of motor areas might explain the differences in motor function and the diversity of postoperative motor function among patients with central tumors.

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Functional Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex by Computed Tomography

Cited by 139 publications

References 0 publications

Two distinct deficits of visual tracking caused by unilateral lesions of cerebral cortex in humans

Two distinct deficits of visual tracking caused by unilateral lesions of cerebral cortex in humans

Effects of action relations on the configural coding between objects.

Intraoperative validation of functional magnetic resonance imaging and cortical reorganization patterns in patients with brain tumors involving the primary motor cortex

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