Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia Circuits with the Cerebral Cortex and the Cerebellum

Bostan, Andreea C.; Dum, Richard P.; Strick, Peter L.

doi:10.1159/000480748

Cited by 69 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…29,30 Our findings found that the connections between the cerebellum and the putamen, caudate and pallidum were highly discriminative, providing new evidence of the prefrontal-striatal-cerebellar pathway being involved in ADHD. 31,32 The putamen and caudate are part of the striatum, while the pallidum is the "output region" of the striatum. The striatum is linked to motor performance and coordination, especially the "automatic" performance of previously learned movements.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Differentiating Boys with ADHD from Those with Typical Development Based on Whole-Brain Functional Connections Using a Machine Learning Approach</p>

Sun¹,

Zhao²,

Lan³

et al. 2020

NDT

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In recent years, machine learning techniques have received increasing attention as a promising approach to differentiating patients from healthy subjects. Therefore, some resting-state functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (R-fMRI) studies have used interregional functional connections as discriminative features. The aim of this study was to investigate ADHD-related spatially distributed discriminative features derived from wholebrain resting-state functional connectivity patterns using machine learning. Patients and Methods: We measured the interregional functional connections of the R-fMRI data from 40 ADHD patients and 28 matched typically developing controls. Machine learning was used to discriminate ADHD patients from controls. Classification performance was assessed by permutation tests. Results: The results from the model with the highest classification accuracy showed that 85.3% of participants were correctly identified using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOV) with support vector machine (SVM). The majority of the most discriminative functional connections were located within or between the cerebellum, default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal regions. Approximately half of the most discriminative connections were associated with the cerebellum. The cerebellum, right superior orbitofrontal cortex, left olfactory cortex, left gyrus rectus, right superior temporal pole, right calcarine gyrus and bilateral inferior occipital cortex showed the highest discriminative power in classification. Regarding the brain-behaviour relationships, some functional connections between the cerebellum and DMN regions were significantly correlated with behavioural symptoms in ADHD (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that whole-brain resting-state functional connections might provide potential neuroimaging-based information for clinically assisting the diagnosis of ADHD.

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Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Differentiating Boys with ADHD from Those with Typical Development Based on Whole-Brain Functional Connections Using a Machine Learning Approach</p>

Sun¹,

Zhao²,

Lan³

et al. 2020

NDT

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“…This view has recently received additional attention because of the identification of anatomical pathways that link the basal ganglia to the cerebellum, so that dopamine loss in the basal ganglia could lead to changes in the function of cerebellar circuits (see Fig. and previous publications).…”

Section: Evolving Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing views of the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism

Wichmann

2019

Movement Disorders

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Studies of the pathophysiology of parkinsonism (specifically akinesia and bradykinesia) have a long history and primarily model the consequences of dopamine loss in the basal ganglia on the function of the basal ganglia/thalamocortical circuit(s). Changes of firing rates of individual nodes within these circuits were originally considered central to parkinsonism. However, this view has now given way to the belief that changes in firing patterns within the basal ganglia and related nuclei are more important, including the emergence of burst discharges, greater synchrony of firing between neighboring neurons, oscillatory activity patterns, and the excessive coupling of oscillatory activities at different frequencies. Primarily focusing on studies obtained in nonhuman primates and human patients with Parkinson's disease, this review summarizes the current state of this field and highlights several emerging areas of research, including studies of the impact of the heterogeneity of external pallidal neurons on parkinsonism, the importance of extrastriatal dopamine loss, parkinsonism‐associated synaptic and morphologic plasticity, and the potential role(s) of the cerebellum and brainstem in the motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

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“…Also, in X-linked dystonia parkinsonism, a hereditary neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by an initial phase of rapidly generalizing dystonia and a later phase dominated by parkinsonism, neuroimaging found degeneration of the anterior putamen and GPi as a hallmark feature of the dystonic phase 45 . It has to be born in mind though that the BGTC and CTC circuits are interconnected through a di-synaptic connection from the dentate nucleus to the striatum 46 , and it has been shown that during early sequence learning the putamen negatively modulates cerebellar activity 47 . The finding of impaired baseline performance in the CD group might indicate abnormal functioning of a sequence learning-independent motor network including the cerebellum 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor learning deficits in cervical dystonia point to defective basal ganglia circuitry

Loens

Verrel

Herrmann

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Dystonia is conceptualized as a network disorder involving basal ganglia, thalamus, sensorimotor cortex and the cerebellum. The cerebellum has been implicated in dystonia pathophysiology, but studies testing cerebellar function in dystonia patients have provided equivocal results. This study aimed to further elucidate motor network deficits in cervical dystonia with special interest in the role of the cerebellum. To this end we investigated motor learning tasks, that differ in their dependence on cerebellar and basal ganglia functioning. In 18 cervical dystonia patients and 18 age matched healthy controls we measured implicit motor sequence learning using a 12-item serial reaction time task mostly targeting basal ganglia circuitry and motor adaptation and eyeblink conditioning as markers of cerebellar functioning. ANOVA showed that motor sequence learning was overall impaired in cervical dystonia (p = 0.01). Moreover, unlike healthy controls, patients did not show a learning effect in the first part of the experiment. Visuomotor adaptation and eyeblink conditioning were normal. In conclusion, these data lend support to the notion that motor learning deficits in cervical dystonia relate to basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops rather than being a result of defective cerebellar circuitry.

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Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia Circuits with the Cerebral Cortex and the Cerebellum

Cited by 69 publications

References 34 publications

<p>Differentiating Boys with ADHD from Those with Typical Development Based on Whole-Brain Functional Connections Using a Machine Learning Approach</p>

<p>Differentiating Boys with ADHD from Those with Typical Development Based on Whole-Brain Functional Connections Using a Machine Learning Approach</p>

Changing views of the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism

Motor learning deficits in cervical dystonia point to defective basal ganglia circuitry

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