Functional adaptation of bone to increased stress. An experimental study.

Goodship, AE; Lanyon, Lance E.; McFie, H

doi:10.2106/00004623-197961040-00008

Cited by 379 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

163

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is consistent with our results because the newly formed bone in the interosseous space would appear predominantly on the lateral aspect of the tibia when imaged with planar radiography. Our results are consistent with those seen in animal studies [15,23,26] where radius adaptation completely compensated the CSA lost by removal of the ulna and occurred mostly toward the former interosseous space. Similar to our findings, two studies [15,23] showed the newly formed bone was deposited predominantly at the periosteal aspect of the radius.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our results are consistent with those seen in animal studies [15,23,26] where radius adaptation completely compensated the CSA lost by removal of the ulna and occurred mostly toward the former interosseous space. Similar to our findings, two studies [15,23] showed the newly formed bone was deposited predominantly at the periosteal aspect of the radius. This is partially in contrast with the substantial endosteal bone apposition described by Lee and Taylor [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Most of these studies, however, focused on ankle deformities [2,10,28,30], and only one described thickening of the tibial lateral cortex [14]. In contrast, experimental studies performed on animals have reported quantitative analyses of radius adaptation after ulna resection for pigs [15] and sheep [23,26]. Histomorphometric measurements, second moment of inertia calculations [23], and bone density adaptation [26] were reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tibia Adaptation after Fibula Harvesting: An in Vivo Quantitative Study

Taddei

Balestri

Rimondi

et al. 2009

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Absence of the fibula after harvesting to reconstruct an upper-limb segment increases loads on the donor-side tibia and thereby provides a unique opportunity to analyze the bone adaptation process in humans. We therefore quantified densitometric and morphologic changes of the donor-side tibia in three young patients (ages 8, 13, 16 years), on the basis of computed tomography (CT) examinations of both legs (one preoperatively and two postoperatively). The range of final followup was 27-43 months. Three-dimensional models of shank bones were generated from CT data and used to measure crosssectional area, diaphyseal cortical thickness, and crosssectional moment of inertia. In addition, density of the newly formed bone was evaluated. The donor-side tibia showed morphologic and density adaptation with time.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tibia Adaptation after Fibula Harvesting: An in Vivo Quantitative Study

Taddei

Balestri

Rimondi

et al. 2009

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The almost two-fold lower values of tBMC at the FN in elderly women compared with young women, and the fact that Y/E d between the TR and the FN were significant, suggest that the loss of trabecular bone mass that occurs with age at the FN is greater than the loss of trabecular bone mass that occurs in the TR. Since bone adapts itself throughout life to the changes that occur in the loading environment [15,25,34], the trabecular bone in the FN may be less important for load bearing than trabecular bone at the TR and therefore its decrease in values for mass is greater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Throughout life, the skeleton adapts itself to the changes that occur in its loading environment [15,25,34]). In load bearing bones, regional muscle contractions generate loads at the attachment site that are greater than body weight [6,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young-elderly differences in bone density, geometry and strength indices depend on proximal femur sub-region: A cross sectional study in Caucasian-American women

Meta

Lü

Keyak

et al. 2006

Bone

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fragility fractures at the trochanter (TR) and the femoral neck (FN) have distinct etiologies, but the underlying age-related structural changes at these proximal femoral sub-regions are poorly understood. 28 young (41 ± 3 years) and 124 elderly (74 ± 3 years) healthy Caucasian women underwent volumetric quantitative computed tomography at the hip. Integral (i), cortical (c) and trabecular (t) bone mineral density and content (BMD, BMC) were measured. Geometric parameters included cross sectional area (CSA), and volumes of the integral, cortical and trabecular regions (VOL). Structural measures included indices of compressive (Compstr) and bending (BSI) strength. After adjusting for height and weight, an F-test was used to compare the TR and the FN mean values between young and elderly and to test for interaction to compare logarithmic difference of young and elderly (log(Young)-log(Elderly), Y/E d ) between the FN and the TR in an ANOCOVA model. All BMC, iBMD and tBMD values were significantly lower in elderly than in young women, with the largest Y/E d in the FN tBMC and tBMD (P < 0.0011 and P < 0.0001). cBMD in young and elderly groups was not significantly different at the TR while at the FN it was greater (P = 0.0075) in elderly than young women, showing significant Y/E d (P = 0.0003) dependence on skeletal site. Elderly women had significantly larger iVOL and CSA values (0.0001 < P < 0.0051), except for the FN iVOL. cVOL values were smaller in elderly than young women (P < 0.0001). Y/E d in bone geometry differed by sub-region only for cVOL measures (P = 0.0267). Despite larger CSA and iVOL measures in elderly, the younger women had greater Compstr (P < 0.0001) and BSI (P = 0.0051). Thus, although both the TR and the FN appear to increase in size with age, this enlargement is insufficient to protect against loss of bone strength.

show abstract

In vivo bone strain patterns in the zygomatic arch of macaques and the significance of these patterns for functional interpretations of craniofacial form

Hylander

Johnson

1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

181

183

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been proposed that the mammalian facial skeleton is optimized for countering or dissipating masticatory stress. As optimized load-bearing structures by definition exhibit maximum strength with a minimum amount of material, this hypothesis predicts that during chewing and biting there should be relatively high and near uniform amounts of strain throughout the facial skeleton. If levels of strain in certain areas of the facial skeleton are relatively low during these behaviors, this indicates that the amount of bone mass in these areas could be significantly reduced without resulting in the danger of structural failure due to repeated masticatory loads. Furthermore, and by definition, this indicates that these areas are not optimized for countering masticatory stress, and instead their overall morphology and concentration of bone mass has most likely been selected or influenced mainly by factors unrelated to the dissipation or countering of chewing and biting forces. An analysis of in vivo bone strain along the lateral aspect of the zygomatic arch of macaques indicates the clear absence of a high and near uniform strain environment throughout its extent. Instead, there is a steep strain gradient along the zygomatic arch, with the highest strains along its anterior portion, intermediate strains along its middle portion, and the lowest strains along its posterior portion. These data, in combination with earlier published data (Hylander et al., 1991), indicate that levels of functional strains during chewing and biting are highly variable from one region of the face to the next, and therefore it is unlikely that all facial bones are especially designed so as to minimize bone tissue and maximize strength for countering masticatory loads. Thus, the functional significance of the morphology of certain facial bones need not necessarily bear any important or special relationship to routine and habitual cyclical mechanical loads associated with chewing or biting. Furthermore, the presence of these steep strain gradients within the facial skeleton suggests that the amount of bone mass in the low-strain areas may be largely determined by factors unrelated to processes frequently referred to as "functional adaptation," or conversely, that the "optimal strain environment" of bone varies enormously throughout the facial skeleton (cf., Rubin et al., 1994). Based solely on anatomical considerations, it is likely that the zygomatic arch is bent in both the parasagittal and transverse planes and twisted about its long axis. Due to constraints on rosette position, the strain data are incapable of determining if one or more of these loading conditions predominate. Instead, the strain data simply provide limited support for the possible presence of all of these loading regimes. Finally, as the masseter muscle is concentrated along the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch and as the arch has fixed ends, the largest shearing forces and the largest bending and twisting moments are located along its anterior portion. This in turn ...

show abstract

Functional adaptation of bone to increased stress. An experimental study.

Cited by 379 publications

References 0 publications

Tibia Adaptation after Fibula Harvesting: An in Vivo Quantitative Study

Tibia Adaptation after Fibula Harvesting: An in Vivo Quantitative Study

Young-elderly differences in bone density, geometry and strength indices depend on proximal femur sub-region: A cross sectional study in Caucasian-American women

In vivo bone strain patterns in the zygomatic arch of macaques and the significance of these patterns for functional interpretations of craniofacial form

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About