Functio Laesa: Cancer Inflammation and Therapeutic Resistance

Liu, Mingen; Kalbasi, Anusha; Beatty, Gregory L.

doi:10.1200/jop.2016.020347

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…More than 150 years ago, Rudolf Virchow proposed that carcinogenesis requires a pro-inflammatory milieu, mainly on the basis that morphological analysis repeatedly reports infiltration of the tumor stroma by inflammatory cells (Liu et al, 2017). About one century later, the discovery of cytokines and of the role that these mediators play in tumor progression has provided an additional support to the relevance of inflammation to carcinogenesis.…”

Section: Cytokines and Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Skeletal Muscle as an Active Player Against Cancer Cachexia

et al. 2019

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The management of cancer patients is frequently complicated by the occurrence of cachexia. This is a complex syndrome that markedly impacts on quality of life as well as on tolerance and response to anticancer treatments. Loss of body weight, wasting of both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and reduced survival rates are among the main features of cachexia. Skeletal muscle wasting has been shown to depend, mainly at least, on the induction of protein degradation rates above physiological levels. Such hypercatabolic pattern is driven by overactivation of different intracellular proteolytic systems, among which those dependent on ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy. Selective rather than bulk degradation of altered proteins and organelles was also proposed to occur. Within the picture described above, the muscle is frequently considered a sort of by-stander tissue where external stimuli, directly or indirectly, can poise protein metabolism toward a catabolic setting. By contrast, several observations suggest that the muscle reacts to the wasting drive imposed by cancer growth by activating different compensatory strategies that include anabolic capacity, the activation of autophagy and myogenesis. Even if muscle response is eventually ill-fated, its occurrence supports the idea that in the presence of appropriate treatments the development of cancer-induced wasting might not be an ineluctable event in tumor hosts.

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Section: Cytokines and Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Skeletal Muscle as an Active Player Against Cancer Cachexia

et al. 2019

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“…Curiously, the very symptoms that originally defined the state of acute inflammation are largely absent from cancer; tumors are rarely hot, painful, or red, and they generally swell-not through edema but from an excess of tissue mass. This returns attention to the fifth sign of inflammation as recorded by Rudolf Virchow and highlighted in Liu et al 4 : altered function. This concept stands intact in the setting of chronic inflammation, not only with regard to the affected organ but to the very nature of inflammation itself.…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Cancer cells conscript this process at least in part through paracrine signals instigated by cellular oncogenes such as mutant K-ras. 5 In their review, Liu et al 4 pay particular attention to the nature and function of lymphoid and myeloid cell types within the inflammatory cancer stroma and to efforts to target these lineages. Numerous agents are undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation on the basis of their ability to target key components of inflammatory cell signaling or to deplete specific cell types from tissues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fanning the Flames of Cancer Chemoresistance: Inflammation and Anticancer Therapy

Olive

2017

JOP

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“…[ 21 ] Inflammation is marked by the presence of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophil. [ 22 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory and immunogenic response of the tissue after application of freeze-dried hydroxyapatite gypsum puger scaffold compared to freeze-dried hydroxyapatite bovine scaffold

et al. 2020

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Background: Inflammation is a mechanism or reaction of the natural immune system to defend from external hazards. All foreign objects that enter the body will trigger an immune response in the form of antibodies. In Indonesia, the prevalence of diseases that involve the inflammatory process in the body is high. Freeze-dried hydroxyapatite gypsum puger (HAGP) scaffold is a gypsum powder which is currently under development as a bone replacement material. Freeze-dried hydroxyapatite bovine (HAB) scaffold is a bone substitute material available on the market. Objective: To analyze the inflammatory and immunogenic responses in the tissue after application of freeze-dried HAGP scaffold compared to freeze-dried HAB scaffold through mediators of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in rats. Materials and Methods: This study used Wistar rats. HAGP group and HAB group were applied subcutaneously, settled for 7 and 14 days, then the levels of TNF-α and IgG were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was done using nonparametric test with the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: TNF-α levels at day 7 in the HAGP group were nearly equal to the control group, while those in the HAB group were higher. Statistically, the significance was P = 0.184 ( P > 0.05). At the 14 th day, the level of IgG on the HAGP and HAB groups the level was higher than the control group, statistically it was found P = 0.127. Conclusion: freeze-dried HAGP scaffold compared to freeze-dried HAB scaffold did not cause inflammatory and immunogenic response on rats through mediators of TNF-α and IgG.

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Functio Laesa: Cancer Inflammation and Therapeutic Resistance

Cited by 17 publications

References 58 publications

The Skeletal Muscle as an Active Player Against Cancer Cachexia

The Skeletal Muscle as an Active Player Against Cancer Cachexia

Fanning the Flames of Cancer Chemoresistance: Inflammation and Anticancer Therapy

Inflammatory and immunogenic response of the tissue after application of freeze-dried hydroxyapatite gypsum puger scaffold compared to freeze-dried hydroxyapatite bovine scaffold

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