Fully Screen-Printed, Large-Area, and Flexible Active-Matrix Electrochromic Displays Using Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Transistors

Cao, Xuan; Lau, Christian; Liu, Yihang; Wu, Fanqi; Gui, Hui; Liu, Qingzhou; Ma, Yan; Wan, Haochuan; Amer, Moh. R.; Zhou, Chongwu

doi:10.1021/acsnano.6b05368

Cited by 186 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…g) Functionality test of a smart pixel configured by a TFT and an electrochromic cell, suggesting the control capability of the TFT in turning the pixel on and off. f,g) Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society.…”

Section: Applications: Flexible and Stretchable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Huang

Zhu

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

324

347

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PE has been explored for the manufacturing of flexible and stretchable electronic devices by printing functional inks containing soluble or dispersed materials, [14][15][16] which has enabled a wide variety of applications, such as transparent conductive films (TCFs), flexible energy harvesting and storage, thin film transistors (TFTs), electroluminescent devices, and wearable sensors. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The global PE market should reach $26.6 billion by 2022 from $14.0 billion in 2017 at a compound annual growth rate of 13.6%. [25] PE devices are manufactured by a variety of printing technologies. Typical printing technologies can be divided into two broad categories: noncontact patterning (or nozzle-based patterning) and contact-based patterning. The noncontact techniques include inkjet printing, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, aerosol jet printing, and slot die coating, while screen printing, gravure printing, and flexographic printing are examples of the contact techniques. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages, but they all rely on the principle of transferring inks to a substrate. Understanding the characteristics and recent advances of each printing technique is important to further the progress in PE. Moreover, to promote the lab-scale printing technologies to large-scale production process, roll-toroll (R2R) printing, which is one of the manufacturing methods to obtain large-area films with low cost and excellent durability, has drawn much attention from both industry and the research community.Nearly all of devices based on PE require conductive structures, interconnects, and contacts; therefore, highly conductive patterns, usually with high transparency and/or high resolution, fabricated by means of printing conductive materials are one of the most critical components in PE devices. Various printable conductive nanomaterials, such as metal nanomaterials (e.g., metal nanoparticles and metal nanowires) and carbon nanomaterials (e.g., graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)), have been explored and used as major materials for PE. Applying printing technology to deposition of the conductive nanomaterials requires formulation of suitable inks. After depositing inks on different substrates, post-printing treatment, Printed electronics is attracting a great deal of attention in both research and commercialization as it enables fabrication of large-scale, low-cost electronic devices on a variety of substrates. Printed electronics plays a critical role infacilitating widespread flexible electronics and more recently stretchable electronics. Conductive nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles and nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are promising building blocks for printed electronics. Nanomaterial-based printing technologies, formulation of printable inks, post-printing treatment, and integration of functional devices have progressed substantially in the recent years. This review summarizes basic principles and recent development of common printing technologie...

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Section: Applications: Flexible and Stretchable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Huang

Zhu

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

324

347

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“…Printing techniques have been drawing growing attention in many applications such as electronics [ 1–5 ] and sensors [ 6–10 ] because of low cost, low material consumption, high scalability, opportunity of exploiting novel properties of nanomaterials, and advantage of using high throughput and additive manufacturing. However, the commonly used printing techniques, including inkjet printing, [ 11 ] gravure printing, [ 12,13 ] and screen printing, [ 14,15 ] have limited scalability and resolution (micro or sub‐micro scale). [ 16,17 ] Directed‐assembly‐based printing, on the other hand, is scalable and can realize high resolution of tens of nanometers.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Rate Printing of Micro/Nanoscale Patterns Using Interfacial Convective Assembly

et al. 2020

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Electric-field-directed assembly [31,32] uses electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic forces to direct nanoelements. Although electric-field-directed assembly demonstrates high throughput, high scalability, and high resolution in assembling various nanomaterials, conductive substrates are required to generate electric field, which limits potential applications of printed structures in electronic devices. Fluidicflow-directed assembly such as convective [33][34][35] and capillary [36][37][38] assembly utilizes solvent evaporation-induced convective flow to guide and position nanoelements. Unlike electric-field-directed assembly, fluidic-flow-directed assembly is applicable to all kinds of substrates (both insulating and conductive). However, it takes hours to assemble over centimetersized substrates. Therefore, the scalability and throughput of this assembly process is a major challenge. Photothermally directed assembly uses photothermaleffect-induced Rayleigh-Benard [39] and/or Marangoni [40][41][42] convective flow to direct assembly. Similar to fluidic-flow-directed assembly, photothermally directed assembly suffers from scalability and throughput issues due to its serial processing nature. In addition, photothermally directed assembly has a limited resolution of micro or sub-micro scale. [43,44] Therefore, the development of a broadly applicable, highly scalable, high throughput, and high resolution printing technique is highly desirable.Here, we report a novel fluidic-flow-directed assembly technique, interfacial convective assembly, to rapidly assemble particles in pattern areas on any substrates. In the interfacial convective assembly, a patterned substrate is initially sonicated in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) using a bath type sonicator for a few seconds. With a low surface tension, IPA helps wet as well as remove trapped air in the patterned structures. After sonication, the substrate is removed from the IPA bath, leaving a thin IPA film on the substrate. Afterward, 50 µL aqueous particle suspension is drop casted on the IPA film. The particle suspension immediately mixes with the IPA film, resulting a suspension with ≈20 wt% IPA. Then, a glass slide is covered on the suspension, creating a confined environment with the substrate via a 300 µm thick spacer (Figure 1a). Finally, the setup is placed onto a hot plate with preheated temperatures between 40 and 75 °C. The substrate is heated up, inducing a convective flow. Due to the convective flow, particles are carried toward Printing of electronics has been receiving increasing attention from academia and industry over the recent years. However, commonly used printing techniques have limited resolution of micro-or sub-microscale. Here, a directed-assembly-based printing technique, interfacial convective assembly, is reported, which utilizes a substrate-heating-induced solutal Marangoni convective flow to drive particles toward patterned substrates and then uses van der Waals interactions as well as geometrical confinement to trap the particles in the pattern area...

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“…Printed electronics technology attracts remarkable attention during the past few decades, and the market size is predicted with a prosperous development to $300 million in the next 20 years . A lot of electronic devices have been made by printed electronic techniques, such as radio frequency identification tags, thin‐film transistors (TFTs), light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), sensors, supercapacitors, and organic light‐emitting diodes . Recently, printed flexible resistance heaters have drawn noteworthy interests because of their widespread applications in medical and advanced wearable thermotherapy devices .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screen‐Printed, Low‐Cost, and Patterned Flexible Heater Based on Ag Fractal Dendrites for Human Wearable Application

Zeng

Tian

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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Achieving all‐printed, low‐cost, and large area electronic devices poses challenging requirements in employing printing technologies and conductive materials for flexible and wearable heaters. In this work, fully printed, scalable, and patterned flexible heaters based on Ag fractal dendrites (FDs) are fabricated through straightforward screen printing technology. The Ag FDs possess low sheet resistance with ≈0.83 Ω sq−1 when sintered at low temperature of 60 °C. The Ag FDs are directly printed on thin polyethylene terephthalate substrate to manufacture flexible heaters, exhibiting excellent heating performance with the saturation temperature up to ≈135 °C and rapid response time within 35 s under 4 V DC voltage. In addition, the Ag FDs heaters present lower power consumption (≈209.67 °C cm2 W−1), which is significantly better than traditional indium tin oxides (ITO) heaters (≈88 °C cm2 W−1). The sheet resistance of the devices remains stable after 2000 bending cycles with a radius of 10 mm, indicating that the outstanding mechanize stability of the heaters. Moreover, a large area (12 cm × 5 cm) heater with designable pattern is developed and attached to human body, indicating a bright future in next‐generation fully printed and wearable heating electronics application.

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Fully Screen-Printed, Large-Area, and Flexible Active-Matrix Electrochromic Displays Using Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Transistors

Cited by 186 publications

References 32 publications

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

High‐Rate Printing of Micro/Nanoscale Patterns Using Interfacial Convective Assembly

Screen‐Printed, Low‐Cost, and Patterned Flexible Heater Based on Ag Fractal Dendrites for Human Wearable Application

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