A coding/decoding setup for a spectral phase encoding optical code-division multiple access (SPE-OCDMA) system has been developed. The proposal is based on the temporal self-imaging effect and the use of an easily tunable electrooptic phase modulator to achieve line-by-line coding of the transmitted signal, thus assuring compatibility with WDM techniques. Modulation of the code is performed at the same rate as the data, avoiding the use of high-bandwidth electro-optic modulators. As proof of concept of the technique, experimental results are presented for a back-to-back coder/decoder setup transmitting a 10 GHz unmodulated optical pulse train within an 80 GHz optical window and using 8- Another major goal in OCDMA systems is to attain spectral efficiency by reducing the bandwidth transmitted to a certain spectral window and thus guarantee compatibility with WDM systems. To achieve this, reduction of the bandwidth occupied by the transmitted signal is mandatory, and it can be obtained by reducing the spectral width of the different frequency bins so that each one contains only one spectral line. This way, each chip of the code word is associated to an individual spectral line of the incoming pulses and is obtained by employing a line-by-line modulation scheme [6]. Some proposals addressing this objective have been made based on diverse high-resolution filtering techniques, such as microring resonators [7] or volume optics [8].In this Letter, a scheme for an SPE-OCDMA system based on the use of the temporal self-imaging effect on fiber [9] is presented. As in other dispersion-based systems [4,5], incorporating the codes with an electro-optic modulator enables their rapid reconfiguration. However, unlike with other techniques, the use of the self-imaging effect allows the individual line-by-line coding of the transmitted signal, making possible the simultaneous transmission of WDM and OCDMA signals within the same optical fiber. Furthermore, the speed at which the code is imposed using the modulator is the same as the data rate, avoiding the use of high-bandwidth modulators.The proposed setup for the network can be seen in Fig. 1. A star coupler is used to interconnect the different users, where an optical circulator separates the transmitted signal (upper branch) from the received signal (lower branch). To clarify the working principle of the coder, a schematic illustration of the signals and their time-frequency representations at different points of the transmitter (labeled from A to D in Fig. 1.) is presented in Fig. 2.A pulsed source is used to generate a train of ultrashort optical pulses at a fixed repetition rate T 0 . Data are modulated at this rate to the train in an on-off keying scheme with an intensity modulator, obtaining at its output the train of pulses shown in Fig. 2(A). The resulting signal is passed through a linearly chirped fiber Bragg Fig. 1. OCDMA network scheme for the proposed setup with K users. The upper branch of user I (green) corresponds to the transmitter and the lower branch (red) t...