Fully Printed Wearable Electrode Textile for Electrotherapy Application

Liu, Meijing; Glanc-Gostkiewicz, Monika; Beeby, Steve; Yang, Kai

doi:10.3390/proceedings2021068012

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…773 Wearable electrotherapy devices could be integrated in the textile based on conductive yarns 774 or printed electronic inks. 775 A wearable e-textile electrode with three functional layers has been developed for delivering interferential therapy. Testing on volunteers with knee joint pain showed noticeable pain reduction, indicating the potential of the e-textile as a comfortable and effective solution for pain relief in individuals with osteoarthritis.…”

Section: Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare

Gong,

Lu,

Yin

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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In the era of Internet-of-things, many things can stay connected; however, biological systems, including those necessary for human health, remain unable to stay connected to the global Internet due to the lack of soft conformal biosensors. The fundamental challenge lies in the fact that electronics and biology are distinct and incompatible, as they are based on different materials via different functioning principles. In particular, the human body is soft and curvilinear, yet electronics are typically rigid and planar. Recent advances in materials and materials design have generated tremendous opportunities to design soft wearable bioelectronics, which may bridge the gap, enabling the ultimate dream of connected healthcare for anyone, anytime, and anywhere. We begin with a review of the historical development of healthcare, indicating the significant trend of connected healthcare. This is followed by the focal point of discussion about new materials and materials design, particularly low-dimensional nanomaterials. We summarize material types and their attributes for designing soft bioelectronic sensors; we also cover their synthesis and fabrication methods, including top-down, bottom-up, and their combined approaches. Next, we discuss the wearable energy challenges and progress made to date. In addition to front-end wearable devices, we also describe back-end machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence, telecommunication, and software. Afterward, we describe the integration of soft wearable bioelectronic systems which have been applied in various testbeds in real-world settings, including laboratories that are preclinical and clinical environments. Finally, we narrate the remaining challenges and opportunities in conjunction with our perspectives.

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Section: Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wearable electrotherapy devices could be integrated in the textile based on conductive yarns or printed electronic inks . A wearable e-textile electrode with three functional layers has been developed for delivering interferential therapy.…”

Section: Case Studies and Testbeds Of Ldn-based Soft Wearable Electro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare

Gong,

Lu,

Yin

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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“…Thus, this study favors screen printing as a fabrication technique, as the fabrication of carbon-infused elastomers seems to be a straightforward, scalable fabrication process. Moreover, screen printing of silicone-based elastomers has achieved several strides for wearable electronics [ 3 , 16 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conformable Electrode Arrays for Wearable Neuroprostheses

RaviChandran

Teo

McDaid

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Wearable electrode arrays can selectively stimulate muscle groups by modulating their shape, size, and position over a targeted region. They can potentially revolutionize personalized rehabilitation by being noninvasive and allowing easy donning and doffing. Nevertheless, users should feel comfortable using such arrays, as they are typically worn for an extended time period. Additionally, to deliver safe and selective stimulation, these arrays must be tailored to a user’s physiology. Fabricating customizable electrode arrays needs a rapid and economical technique that accommodates scalability. By leveraging a multilayer screen-printing technique, this study aims to develop personalizable electrode arrays by embedding conductive materials into silicone-based elastomers. Accordingly, the conductivity of a silicone-based elastomer was altered by adding carbonaceous material. The 1:8 and 1:9 weight ratio percentages of carbon black (CB) to elastomer achieved conductivities between 0.0021–0.0030 S cm−1 and were suitable for transcutaneous stimulation. Moreover, these ratios maintained their stimulation performance after several stretching cycles of up to 200%. Thus, a soft, conformable electrode array with a customizable design was demonstrated. Lastly, the efficacy of the proposed electrode arrays to stimulate hand function tasks was evaluated by in vivo experiments. The demonstration of such arrays encourages the realization of cost-effective, wearable stimulation systems for hand function restoration.

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“…Screen-printed dry electrodes for electrotherapy applications have been demonstrated in previous work [1]. However, dispenser printing offers the advantage of lower cost for custom designs compared to screen printing, since no physical screen is required for patterning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%