This study investigates the feasibility of implementing a 3D
hydrogeological model in a vast data-scarce area in northwestern Niger
where groundwater resources are strongly impacted by climate changes and
anthropogenic activities (uranium mining) in northwestern Niger, West
Africa. A large scale fully integrated hydrological model was built and
calibrated using HydroGeoSphere. The model conceptualization and
parametrization were done using various sources of datasets. The model
was calibrated using a stepwise approach by increasing the temporal
resolution of the model inputs: steady state, dynamic equilibrium, and
transient state. The calibration results showed that the model could
reproduce the measured groundwater heads with a correlation coefficient
of up to 0.79. The model was then validated by comparing total water
storage computed from GRACE data over the TMB and the outputs of the
model. The results showed the model reproduced quite well the amplitudes
and direction of the variations measured by GRACE. Therefore, GRACE data
were useful in the qualitative validation of the model. The outputs of
the model allowed a quantitative analysis of the groundwater resources
of the Tim Mersoï Basin (TMB). The global recharge was estimated at
15.74 mm/year, i.e., an interannual average of 13.58% of the rainfall.
Most importantly, this model can be used in a hierarchical model set up
to provide initial and boundary conditions for local scales (mining
areas for example) studies.