Fully biodegradable natural fiber composites from renewable resources: All-plant fiber composites

Benzylation and Characterization of Cold Naoh/Urea Pre-Swelled Bamboo

“…It was reported that the benzylated lignocellulosic product is a good resource for the preparation of composites as compared to the native lignocelluloses, which had poor interfacial interaction with hydrophobic polymer matrices and hence decreased the mechanical properties of the composites . The benzylated lignocellulose plastic composites showed low water absorption capacity, promising biodegradability, and acceptable mechanical properties (Lu et al 2003;Zhang et al 2005). In addition, a better dye efficiency was obtained when benzylated ramie fiber was dyed with disperse dyes ; however, the reported reactions on benzylated lignocelluloses were mainly carried out via a conventional approach, i.e., synthesis at a high base concentration (40% NaOH) and temperature (110 °C) after mercerization pretreatment.…”

“…Benzylation of lignocellulose is a typical Williamson synthesis reaction involving nucleophilic substitution of an alkoxide or a phenoxide ion for a halide ion and is shown in the following reactions (Hon and Ou 1989;Zhang et al 2005 In addition, in alkaline solution, the major components of bamboo are partially degraded and dissolved in the solution. Cellulose and hemicelluloses are mainly hydrolyzed to form monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, etc.…”

Flax Shive and Hemp Hurd Residues as Alternative Raw Material for Particleboard Production

“…However, most agricultural crop and plant residues have waxy outer stalk surfaces that hinder bonding with conventional resins, and this in turn results in poor interfacial interactions (Mwaikambo and Ansell 2002;Wasycliw 2005). The interfacial interaction is important because the waste residues may have high strength and stiffness properties, but if the bonding between them is poor, then the inherent strength of the residue has no impact and the resulting composite exhibits poor mechanical properties (Zhang et al 2005;Ndazi et al 2006). Polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanate (pMDI) resin has been shown to successfully bond with agricultural crops and plant residues, such as miscanthus, wheat straw, corn pith, and rice straw, to produce panels that meet the required standards for specific applications (Tröger et al 1998;Wang and Sun 2002;Mo et al 2003;Halvarsson et al 2010;Zhang and Hu 2014).…”

Thermal, dielectric and mechanical study of poly(vinyl chloride)/olive pomace composites

“…Polymer composites filled with natural lignocellulosic fibers have attracted the attention of many researchers and technologists [1][2][3][4][5]. Both polymer matrices and natural filler systems have been widely investigated [6][7][8][9][10]. As a matter of fact, Oksman and Lindberg [11] as well as the team of Liao [12] studied the mechanical behavior of composites based on polyethylene and wood flour samples [11,12].…”