Benzylation and Characterization of Cold Naoh/Urea Pre-Swelled Bamboo

Li, Mingfei; Sun, Shao‐Ni; Sun, Run‐Cang

doi:10.15376/biores.7.2.1876-1890

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The modification of BC with polysaccharides by adsorption interactions or during the culture process often has limited success . For example, when BC fibers have been treated with fatty acids, benzyl chloride or maleated polymers, the surface becomes hydrophobic because its polar character is reduced . This type of treatment is linked to a loss of the material's ability to hold water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface characterization of TEMPO‐oxidized bacterial cellulose

Lai

Sheng²,

Liao³

et al. 2013

Surface & Interface Analysis

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In this study, we focused on the surface character of bacterial cellulose (BC) before and after oxidation mediated by 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO).Solid‐state 13C NMR, XPS, SEM, contact angle and surface free energy analyses were performed to investigate the effects of various parameters (reaction time and oxidant and catalyst concentrations) on the surface composition, morphology and polarity of the BC. The results provided by the combined use of these techniques showed that hydrogen bonds were disrupted on the BC surface after carboxylation occurred; therefore, the surface of oxidized BC was rougher than that of the original BC, and the surface free energy, especially the polar components, increased after oxidation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface characterization of TEMPO‐oxidized bacterial cellulose

Lai

Sheng²,

Liao³

et al. 2013

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…The degree of substitution for BXs was determined by the method described by Ming-Fei et al [ 7 ], as follows:

where A corresponds to the absorbance determined by FTIR, in which A 1 is determined at 872 cm −1 and A 2 between 2900 and 2800 cm −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical modification of this hydrophilic biopolymer by fixing hydrophobic groups provided the molecule with an amphiphilic character that enhanced its physicochemical properties like improving XG’s capacity for self-organization in an aqueous solution and also increasing its adsorption properties at the interfaces separating an aqueous liquid phase from a much less polar liquid phase [ 4 ]. On the other hand, benzylation has recently attracted considerable interest, and it is widely applied to biopolymers [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Benzylation reactions occur between benzyl chloride and the hydroxyl groups of a biopolymer, forming ether linkages that make it more compatible with non-polar matrices and decrease its hydrophilic nature [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, benzylation has recently attracted considerable interest, and it is widely applied to biopolymers [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Benzylation reactions occur between benzyl chloride and the hydroxyl groups of a biopolymer, forming ether linkages that make it more compatible with non-polar matrices and decrease its hydrophilic nature [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Analysis and Neural Network Modeling of the Rheological Behavior of Xanthan Gum and Its Derivatives

et al. 2023

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The main objective of this study was to create a mathematical tool that could be used with experimental data to predict the rheological flow behavior of functionalized xanthan gum according to the types of chemical groups grafted onto its backbone. Different rheological and physicochemical analyses were applied to assess six derivatives synthesized via the etherification of xanthan gum by hydrophobic benzylation with benzyl chloride and carboxymethylation with monochloroacetic acid at three (regent/polymer) ratios R equal to 2.4 and 6. Results from the FTIR study verified that xanthan gum had been modified. The degree of substitution (DS) values varying between 0.2 and 2.9 for carboxymethylxanthan gum derivatives were found to be higher than that of hydrophobically modified benzyl xanthan gum for which the DS ranged from 0.5 to 1. The molecular weights of all the derivatives were found to be less than that of xanthan gum for the two types of derivatives, decreasing further as the degree of substitution (DS) increased. However, the benzyl xanthan gum derivatives presented higher molecular weights varying between 1,373,146 (g/mol) and 1,262,227 (g/mol) than carboxymethylxanthan gum derivatives (1,326,722–1,015,544) (g/mol). A shear-thinning behavior was observed in the derivatives, and the derivatives’ viscosity was found to decrease with increasing DS. The second objective of this research was to create an ANN model to predict one of the rheological properties (the apparent viscosity). The significance of the ANN model (R2 = 0.99998 and MSE = 5.95 × 10−3) was validated by comparing experimental results with the predicted ones. The results showed that the model was an efficient tool for predicting rheological flow behavior.

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“…However, IR peaks attributed to the benzyl groups appeared at 736 and 695 cm −1 [15]. In addition, IR peaks between 3090 and 3063 cm −1 , related to the aromatic C-H deformation [16], were observed in some wood samples (Figure 3, entries 1 and 6-9). These changes indicate that the hydroxyl groups were replaced with benzyl groups.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Benzylated Woodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Surface Hydrophobization of Block-Shaped Wood with Rapid Benzylation

Abe

Seki

Miki

et al. 2021

Forests

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With the aim of utilizing wood as a carbon cycle-oriented material, the improvement of hydrophobicity has been actively studied to solve manufacturing problems, such as dimensional stability and biodeterioration resistance. The introduction of benzyl group is a promising chemical modification for hydrophobizing wood. However, conventional benzylation methods are not suitable for industrial applications because they require high temperature and long reaction times. In this study, a novel method was developed for quickly benzylating the surface of block-shaped wood using an aqueous solution of tetra-n-butylphosphonium hydroxide as a pretreatment solvent and no heat. The color and shape of the benzylated wood was almost unchanged from that before the treatment. Analysis of the resulting chemical structure suggested that the developed method causes less damage to carbohydrates compared with the conventional method, which involves heating and stirring. The proposed method successfully imparted hydrophobicity and thermoplasticity to the benzylated wood surface. Furthermore, hydrophobicity of the benzylated wood was further improved by a simple heat treatment for only approximately 5 min. The water contact angle became ≥110° and remained almost unchanged even after 1 min after water dropping.

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Benzylation and Characterization of Cold Naoh/Urea Pre-Swelled Bamboo

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Surface characterization of TEMPO‐oxidized bacterial cellulose

Surface characterization of TEMPO‐oxidized bacterial cellulose

Experimental Analysis and Neural Network Modeling of the Rheological Behavior of Xanthan Gum and Its Derivatives

Surface Hydrophobization of Block-Shaped Wood with Rapid Benzylation

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