Fully automatic diagnostic system for early- and late-onset mild Alzheimer’s disease using FDG PET and 3D-SSP

Abstract

The fully automatic diagnostic system for EO and LO AD was able to perform at a similar diagnostic level to visual inspection of conventional axial images by experts.

[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders

“…Using the visual semiquantitative method, sensitivity was 92%, specificity was 83%, and accuracy was 87% (Azari et al, 1993;Burdette et al, 1996;Fazekas et al, 1989;Kippenhan et al, 1992;Scheurich et al, 2005). Quantitative methods showed that overall sensitivity was 94%, specificity was 87%, and accuracy was 91% (Duara et al, 1989;Herholz et al, 1990Herholz et al, , 1993Ishii et al, 2006;Kawachi et al, 2006;Mielke et al, 1994;Minoshima et al, 1995;Mosconi et al, 2005;Ng et al, 2007;Ohyama et al, 2000;Szelies et al, 1994;von Borczyskowski et al, 2006). Overall, the sensitivity was 94%, specificity was 85%, and accuracy was 90% (Ito et al, 2010).…”

Computer-Assisted System for Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease Using Data Base− Independent Estimation and Fluorodeoxyglucose− Positron-Emission Tomography and 3D-Stereotactic Surface Projection

“…8 The area for parietal association cortices was adapted from the template produced from the comparison between the 20 patients with AD and 20 healthy controls. 8 The area for sensorimotor cortices was also produced from the comparison between the AD and healthy control groups; the relative FDG uptake counts were significantly higher in the AD group than in the controls. The number of voxels in the unilateral sensorimotor and parietal areas was 248 and 317, respectively.…”

“…6 Published data regarding automated statistical image analysis have consistently demonstrated a high diagnostic performance of FDG-PET for distinguishing patients with AD from healthy individuals. [7][8][9] Voxel-based statistical parametric analysis, however, requires the generation of a "normal data base" of healthy brain images. Generating such a data base requires the recruitment of healthy volunteers, and the time and effort involved make this process infeasible for some institutions.…”

The Need for Quantitative SPECT in Clinical Brain Examinations

“…Quantitative assessments of CBF (mostly with CFR) using 123 I-iodoamphetamine (IMP) comprise 5.6 % of all SPECT scans. Further, software programs assisting in the diagnosis are utilized with most brain scans, employing statistical analysis such as the 3D-SSP of Minoshima and others [1][2][3][4][5]. 123 I-IMP and other 123 I-labeled tracers such as 123 I-iomazenil and 123 I-FP-CIT are approved for clinical use and can be employed in a quantitative analysis for demonstrating biological parametric images.…”

“…There are also other applications to identify the presence of neuronal damage in the prefrontal areas of patients with neurological deficits after chronic ischemia (or Moyamoya disease) and traumatic brain injuries. We have aimed to highlight significantly damaged areas using 123 I-IMZ and SPECT in such patients by referring to normal patterns by means of 3D-SSP [1] [3,5]. The challenge is to verify that identical data can be obtained from different SPECT systems installed in different institutions.…”