Abstract:Adhesion of commercially produced fullerene fine particles to Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Camellia japonica pollen grains was investigated. The autofluorescence of pollen grains was affected by the adhesion of fullerene fine particles to the pollen grains. The degree of adhesion of fullerene fine particles to the pollen grains varied depending on the type of fullerene. Furthermore, germination of Camellia japonica pollen grains was inhibited by the adhesion of fullerene fine particles.
“…Large quantities of these fine particles are discharged to the environment intentionally or unintentionally in the course of their production, use, and disposal. What about the interactions of these other nanoparticles with pollen material in rainy situations [ 148 ]? Because an increase in humidity triggers a cascade of reactions resulting in activation of highly dynamic metabolic processes as well as a rapid increase of new compounds and conformational modifications of the pollen proteins content, studying rain, mist, and fog interactions sounds justified.…”
Section: Methodological Biases and Proposed Research Tracksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Elemental composition of pollen is very often modified by pollution. Indirect proof of chemical changes was in fact observed in fluorescence spectra of pollen [ 146 – 148 ] and elemental composition was also determined in a few laboratory experiments but without a clear convergence on the chemical modifications observed [ 69 , 149 ]. In a recent series of experiments that tried to compare the effects of pollutants on pollen from different plant species as what was proposed previously by Ruffin et al on 3 trees ( Quercus , Pinus , and Ulmus ) and a grass ( Festuca ), NO 2 -exposed pollen [ 141 ], Visez and his team, using a specific device, could show that the uptake of NO 2 is not the same according to the analyzed pollen.…”
Section: Effects Of Pollutants On Pollen Grains and Pollen Contentmentioning
This review summarizes the available data related to the effects of air pollution on pollen grains from different plant species. Several studies carried out either on in situ harvested pollen or on pollen exposed in different places more or less polluted are presented and discussed. The different experimental procedures used to monitor the impact of pollution on pollen grains and on various produced external or internal subparticles are listed. Physicochemical and biological effects of artificial pollution (gaseous and particulate) on pollen from different plants, in different laboratory conditions, are considered. The effects of polluted pollen grains, subparticles, and derived aeroallergens in animal models, in in vitro cell culture, on healthy human and allergic patients are described. Combined effects of atmospheric pollutants and pollen grains-derived biological material on allergic population are specifically discussed. Within the notion of “polluen,” some methodological biases are underlined and research tracks in this field are proposed.
“…Large quantities of these fine particles are discharged to the environment intentionally or unintentionally in the course of their production, use, and disposal. What about the interactions of these other nanoparticles with pollen material in rainy situations [ 148 ]? Because an increase in humidity triggers a cascade of reactions resulting in activation of highly dynamic metabolic processes as well as a rapid increase of new compounds and conformational modifications of the pollen proteins content, studying rain, mist, and fog interactions sounds justified.…”
Section: Methodological Biases and Proposed Research Tracksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Elemental composition of pollen is very often modified by pollution. Indirect proof of chemical changes was in fact observed in fluorescence spectra of pollen [ 146 – 148 ] and elemental composition was also determined in a few laboratory experiments but without a clear convergence on the chemical modifications observed [ 69 , 149 ]. In a recent series of experiments that tried to compare the effects of pollutants on pollen from different plant species as what was proposed previously by Ruffin et al on 3 trees ( Quercus , Pinus , and Ulmus ) and a grass ( Festuca ), NO 2 -exposed pollen [ 141 ], Visez and his team, using a specific device, could show that the uptake of NO 2 is not the same according to the analyzed pollen.…”
Section: Effects Of Pollutants On Pollen Grains and Pollen Contentmentioning
This review summarizes the available data related to the effects of air pollution on pollen grains from different plant species. Several studies carried out either on in situ harvested pollen or on pollen exposed in different places more or less polluted are presented and discussed. The different experimental procedures used to monitor the impact of pollution on pollen grains and on various produced external or internal subparticles are listed. Physicochemical and biological effects of artificial pollution (gaseous and particulate) on pollen from different plants, in different laboratory conditions, are considered. The effects of polluted pollen grains, subparticles, and derived aeroallergens in animal models, in in vitro cell culture, on healthy human and allergic patients are described. Combined effects of atmospheric pollutants and pollen grains-derived biological material on allergic population are specifically discussed. Within the notion of “polluen,” some methodological biases are underlined and research tracks in this field are proposed.
“…Some studies show a negative effect of metallic nanoparticles (Pd, Fe, ZnO) and carbon particles (fullerene, graphene) on pollen reproductive capacity (Aoyagi & Ugwu, 2011;Carniel et al, 2018;Dutta Gupta et al, 2019;Speranza et al, 2010Speranza et al, , 2013Yoshihara et al, 2021). However, these studies use particularly high particle-topollen ratios and chemical compositions that are not very representative of real atmospheric particles.…”
“…Pollen viability in Pinus nigra was negatively correlated with SO2, PM10 and NOx concentrations (Gottardini et al 2004). However, laboratory exposures have identified certain types of particles with effects on the reproduction capacity of PGs: fullerene nanoparticles totally inhibit PG germination in Camellia japonica (Aoyagi and Ugwu 2011), silver nanoparticles decrease viability in Actinidia deliciosa (Speranza et al 2013), graphene oxides nanoparticles affect germination in Nicotiance tabacum (Carniel et al 2018), silver nanoparticles significantly reduce PG germination in Peltophrum ptecocarpem (Dutta Gupta et al 2019), palladium nanoparticles strongly inhibit germination in Actinidia deliciosa (Speranza et al 2010). These laboratory experiments also raise the crucial question of the dose of particles to be applied to pollen to represent a realistic in vitro environmental exposure.…”
Birch is the most allergenic tree species in northern and central Europe. Airborne birch pollen concentrations are observed to be on the rise for several decades. Health hazard due to birch pollen grains (BPGs) can worsen due to particulate air pollution.The prevalence of the intimate mixture of BPGs with atmospheric particulate matter (APM) at the single pollen grain level is still unraveled. In this study, APM transfer mechanisms to birch catkins and BPGs prior to pollination were investigated at an urban-industrial and a peri-urban site in northern France. The surface of catkins was heavily polluted with micrometer-sized particles. Conversely, BPGs were relatively unpolluted with on average 0.1 particle.BPG -1 . Differences in the chemical composition of adhered particles were observed as a function of the sampling sites.In contrast, no significant difference was found in terms of surface concentrations of APM adhered to BPGs and catkins between the two sites. Comparison of the number of particles deposited per pollen grain according to whether they were harvested from catkins or collected while airborne suggests that particulate pollution of pollen occurs preferentially after pollen shedding, either by impaction or coagulation mechanisms with other suspended APM or by pollen settling on dust-contaminated surfaces followed by resuspension.
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