Abstract:Birch is the most allergenic tree species in northern and central Europe. Airborne birch pollen concentrations are observed to be on the rise for several decades. Health hazard due to birch pollen grains (BPGs) can worsen due to particulate air pollution.The prevalence of the intimate mixture of BPGs with atmospheric particulate matter (APM) at the single pollen grain level is still unraveled. In this study, APM transfer mechanisms to birch catkins and BPGs prior to pollination were investigated at an urban-in… Show more
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