Full scale study of combined wave and surge overtopping of a levee with RCC strengthening system

New Understanding on the Distribution of Individual Wave Overtopping Volumes over a Levee under Negative Freeboard

“…The measurements of full-scale flume tests of Li et al (2012) and Pan et al (2013) were used for analysis.…”

“…Combined wave and surge overtopping has become an issue of concern in coastal engineering since hurricane Katrina, where studies show that it may be responsible for a large part of the levee failures (ASCE Hurricane Katrina External Review Panel, 2007). Studies have been conducted on the overtopping discharge, flow structure, and levee erosion processes of combined wave and surge overtopping (e.g., Hughes and Nadal, 2009;Reeve et al, 2008;Li et al, 2012;Pan et al, 2013;Pan et al, 2015;Pullen et al, 2007;Schüttrumpf et al, 2001). This paper presents some new discussion on the distribution of individual overtopping volume of combined wave and surge overtopping.…”

SPH Modeling of Surge Overflow over RCC Strengthened Levee

“…Since there is no Manning roughness coefficient n in the literature for RCC strengthened levee, the experimental results in Li et al [8] was used to calibrate the coefficient. From the full-scale overtopping experiment, the average flow velocity at the middle of levee crest was 1.6 m/s in surge overflow condition with a surge height of 0.3 m. The Manning roughness coefficient n was calibrated in SPH model to compare the flow velocity at the middle of levee crest with the measured data.…”

“…In this study, full-scale surge only overtopping hydraulic and erosion experimental data, which is available in Li et al [8], are used to calibrate these parameters. Fig.…”

“…Based on the measured flow thickness and flow velocity on the crest and the landward-side slope, new equations were developed to estimate the distribution of instantaneous discharge, flow parameters on the landward-side slope, e.g. mean flow thickness, mean velocity, and velocity of the wave front [8].…”