Full-scale measurements of indoor environmental conditions and natural ventilation in a large semi-enclosed stadium: Possibilities and limitations for CFD validation

Hooff, van Taj Twan; Blocken, Bje Bert

doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2012.02.009

Cited by 71 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Each method has its particular advantages and disadvantages. Full-scale measurements can suffer from the inherently uncontrollable and unsteady meteorological conditions [2][3][4]. In addition, they are usually only performed at a few discrete positions in space and do not provide a whole image of the flow field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field pollutant dispersion in an actual urban area: Analysis of the mass transport mechanism by high-resolution Large Eddy Simulations

et al. 2015

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Graphical abstractHighlights -Pollutant dispersion in downtown Montreal is studied with high-resolution LES.-The contribution of the sub-grid scales to turbulent mass transport is minor in this case.-The results of this applied case are linked to those obtained for a generic isolated building.-The counter gradient mechanism of turbulent mass transport is observed.-With RANS, the turbulent flux model used should be able to reproduce this mechanism. AbstractLarge-Eddy Simulation of near-field pollutant dispersion from stacks on the roof of a low-rise building in downtown Montreal is performed. Two wind directions are considered, with different wind-flow patterns and plume behavior. The computed mean concentration field is analyzed by means of the convective and turbulent (including subgrid-scale) mass fluxes. This decomposition provides insight into the dispersion process and allows an evaluation of common turbulent transport models used with the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes approach, such as the standard gradient-diffusion hypothesis. Despite the specific character of the flow and dispersion patterns due to the complex geometry of the urban area under study, some similarities are found with the generic case of dispersion around an isolated simple building. Moreover, the analysis of dispersion in downtown Montreal is facilitated by the physical insight gained by the study of the generic case. In this sense, the present study supports the use of generic, simplified cases to investigate and understand environmental processes as they occur in real and more complex situations. Reciprocally, the results of this applied study show the influence on the dispersion process of the rooftop structures and of the orientation of the emitting building with respect to the incoming wind flow, providing directions for further research on generic cases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field pollutant dispersion in an actual urban area: Analysis of the mass transport mechanism by high-resolution Large Eddy Simulations

et al. 2015

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“…The challenge is that flow properties vary considerably with space and time, and so the location of sensors, their type, and the duration of measurements significantly affect the value of such information [27]. In addition, a limited number of feasible measurement locations remains a challenge [28].…”

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confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Sensor Placement Using Joint Entropy and the Effect of Modeling Error

Papadopoulou

Raphael

Smith

et al. 2014

Entropy

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Good prediction of the behavior of wind around buildings improves designs for natural ventilation in warm climates. However wind modeling is complex, predictions are often inaccurate due to the large uncertainties in parameter values. The goal of this work is to enhance wind prediction around buildings using measurements through implementing a multiple-model system-identification approach. The success of system-identification approaches depends directly upon the location and number of sensors. Therefore, this research proposes a methodology for optimal sensor configuration based on hierarchical sensor placement involving calculations of prediction-value joint entropy. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models are generated to create a discrete population of possible wind-flow predictions, which are then used to identify optimal sensor locations. Optimal sensor configurations are revealed using the proposed methodology and considering the effect of systematic and spatially distributed modeling errors, as well as the common information between sensor locations. The methodology is applied to a full-scale case study and optimum configurations are evaluated for their ability to falsify models and improve predictions at locations where no measurements have been taken. It is concluded that a sensor placement strategy using joint entropy is able to lead to predictions of wind OPEN CCESSEntropy 2014, 16 5079 characteristics around buildings and capture short-term wind variability more effectively than sequential strategies, which maximize entropy.

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“…The studied stadium structure was modelled in Autodesk Revit design interface and it represents a simplified version of a benchmark arena design that is widely used in literature studies [53], [54], [55], [56]; the Amsterdam Stadium, with a seating capacity of 50,000. The stadium's external dimensions of length x width x height are equal to 226 m x 190 m x 72 m respectively ( Fig.…”

Section: Stadium Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qatar 2022: Facing the FIFA World Cup climatic and legacy challenges

Sofotasiou

Hughes

Calautit

2015

Sustainable Cities and Society

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The 2022 World Cup creates great opportunities for the country of Qatar, but also poses significant challenges. In this study the main challenge of maintaining thermal comfort conditions within the football arenas is presented, with respect to the heat stress index (HSI) and the aero-thermal comfort thresholds established for opened stadiums. Potential cooling strategies for delivering tolerant comfort levels are introduced, followed by their functional strengths and limitations for the hot-humid climate of Qatar. An estimation of the cooling load for semi-outdoor stadiums in Qatar is also presented. The results, produced by dynamic thermal modelling, indicated that a load of 115 MW h per game should be at least consumed in order to provide both indoor and outdoor thermal comfort conditions. Finally, the use of solar energy technologies for the generation of electricity and cooling are evaluated, based on their viability beyond the 2022 World Cup event, towards the nation's targets for sustainability and lasting legacy. Highlights:• Provision of aero-thermal comfort conditions within the sport facilities.• Higher efficiency of solar sorption systems in hot-humid climates.• An estimated cooling load of about 115 MW h per game is required.• Balancing techniques to meet carbon neutrality commitment.• Forthcoming local and national community benefits.

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Full-scale measurements of indoor environmental conditions and natural ventilation in a large semi-enclosed stadium: Possibilities and limitations for CFD validation

Cited by 71 publications

References 40 publications

Near-field pollutant dispersion in an actual urban area: Analysis of the mass transport mechanism by high-resolution Large Eddy Simulations

Near-field pollutant dispersion in an actual urban area: Analysis of the mass transport mechanism by high-resolution Large Eddy Simulations

Hierarchical Sensor Placement Using Joint Entropy and the Effect of Modeling Error

Qatar 2022: Facing the FIFA World Cup climatic and legacy challenges

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