“…A key driver of an EV's energy expenditure, and therefore efficiency, is the way in which the vehicle is driven. An aggressive driving style may result in rapid changes in location, speed and/or acceleration, resulting in specific high-frequency movement characteristics of the vehicle (Al-Wreikat et al, 2021;Faria et al, 2019;Murphey et al, 2009;Ebot Eno Akpa et al, 2019). Both intense accelerating and braking result in the loss of effective energy (e.g.…”