Fuel quality management versus vehicle emission control in China, status quo and future perspectives

Yue, Xin; Wu, Ye; Hao, Jiming; Yuan, Pang; Ma, Yao; Yi, Li; Li, Boshi; Bao, Xiaojun

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2015.01.009

Cited by 54 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(15 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The vehicle profiles in the Yan'an east road tunnel were similar to those of the KXL tunnel, the difference could probably be ascribed to Shanghai having its own local gasoline standard. This standard requires higher quality oil in comparison with the national standard (Yue et al, 2015). Furthermore, Fraser et al (1998) have reported that the EFs of BghiP, Chry and BbF were higher than were the other PAHs in the Van Nuys tunnel, which was consistent with the content of PAHs in the KXL tunnel.…”

Section: Organic Compoundssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…As shown in Table 1, the EFs of PM 2.5 in the WZS tunnel was 70.1 ± 15.9 mg·veh −1 ·km −1 , whereas it was 22.2 ± 6.52 mg·veh −1 ·km −1 in the KXL tunnel. ; It is known that, the PM 2.5 EFs of vehicles could be influenced by many factors, such as vehicle type (Cheng et al, 2010;He et al, 2008), fuel quality (Yue et al, 2015), model year of the vehicles (Liu et al, 2009;Shah et al, 2006), vehicle speed (Gillies et al, 2001), and the features of the road (Pio et al, 2013). EFs of PM 2.5 in this study were compared with those from other tunnel studies in China (Table 1).…”

Section: Emission Factors Of Pm 25 and Comparison With That From Othmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was suggested that the content of SO 4 2 − emitted by vehicles was correlated with the sulfur content in fuel, especially in diesel fuel (Lowenthal et al, 1994). Limits of the sulfur content in gasoline and diesel quality standards issued in 2003, around which year Zhujiang tunnel test was conducted, were 800 ppm and 1000 ppm, respectively (Yue et al, 2015), which were higher than those issued in 2014 (50 ppm for gasoline, and 350 ppm for diesel) (Yue et al, 2015), when WZS and KXL tunnel test were conducted. Therefore, the fuel quality policy enforced by the Chinese government could affect the EF of SO 4 2− .…”

Section: Oc and Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although DV are considered to emit higher amount of PM than GV, the debate about which emission of PM (GV or DV) is more harmful to human health has continued for many years, as some studies have found that GV might emit more fine particulate matter than DV (Sandhu et al, 2014;Shen et al, 2014) China had implemented vehicle emission standards for both types of vehicle before 2000 and the standards have since been tightened every few years. The emission standards for both types of vehicle were stipulated in China I to China V (Yue et al, 2015), however, because the implementation of the regulations on fuel quality has been postponed, the emission standards could not be met (Yue et al, 2015). For that reason, the EFs and chemical compositions of GV and DV might have changed throughout these years and should update constantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Cui

Chen

Tian

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

• Composition profiles of PM 2.5 were obtained in smaller city, Yantai.• Characteristics of PM 2.5 were changed by emission standards and fuel policy.• Source profiles of PM 2.5 for gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles were given.• The diesel vehicles play a major role in PM 2.5 emissions in Yantai. The chemical compositions of PM 2.5 including OC, EC, water soluble ions, elements, and organic components such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and steranes, emitted in Wuzushan (WZS) and Kuixinglou (KXL) tunnels were determined. WZS tunnel is a major route for diesel vehicles traveling, while KXL tunnel has limited to diesel vehicles. The results showed that the proportions of the different constituents of PM 2.5 in the Wuzushan (WZS) tunnel were OC (27.7%), EC (32.1%), elements (13.9%), and water soluble ions (9.2%). Whereas the chemical profile of PM 2.5 in the Kuixinglou (KXL) tunnel was OC (17.7%), EC (10.4%), elements (8.90%), and water soluble ions (8.87%). The emission factors (EFs) of PM 2.5 and proportions of SO 4 2− and Pb were decreased by vehicle emission standards and fuel quality policy in China, and the higher molecular weight PAHs (4 + 5 + 6 rings) were more abundant than the lower molecular weight PAHs (2 + 3 rings) in the two tunnels. The proportions of 17A(H)-21B(H)-30-Norhopane and 17A(H)-21B(H)-Hopane in the hopane and sterane were not dependent on the vehicles types. In addition, specific composition profiles for PM 2.5 from gasoline-fueled vehicles (GV) G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v and diesel-fueled vehicles (DV) emissions were drafted, which indicated that OC (0.974 mg·veh −1 ·km −1 ) was the most abundant component in PM 2.5 , followed by Fe, Cl − , and Mg for GV. The relative proportions of the different constituents in the PM 2.5 for DV were EC (35.9%), OC (27.2%), elements (12.8%), and water soluble ions (11.7%). Both the PM 2.5 EFs and EC proportions in DV were higher than those in GV, and the HMW PAHs were the dominant PAHs for both GV and DV. The PM 2.5 emissions from the vehicles in Yantai were 581 ± 513 tons to 1353 ± 1197 tons for GV, and 19,627 ± 2477 tons to 23,042 ± 2887 tons for DV, respectively.

show abstract

Section: Organic Compoundssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Emission Factors Of Pm 25 and Comparison With That From Othmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oc and Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Cui

Chen

Tian

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These standards were tightened in the subsequent 12 years, from the China I to China V standards. Although the China V emission standard for on-road diesel vehicles has been formulated, insufficient diesel fuel quality has slowed their implementation (Yue et al, 2015). In addition, the China IV emission standards for on-road diesel vehicles have not been fully implemented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of PM and its chemical composition in real-world emissions from non-road and on-road diesel vehicles

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. With the rapid growth in the number of both non-road and on-road diesel vehicles, the adverse effects of particulate matter (PM) and its constituents on air quality and human health have attracted increasing attentions. However, studies on the characteristics of PM and its composition emitted from diesel vehicles are still scarce, especially under real-world driving conditions. In this study, six excavators and five trucks that provided a wide range of emission standards and operation modes were tested, and PM emissions and their constituents -including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble ions (WSIs), elements, and organic species like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-alkanes, and hopanes -as well as steranes were analyzed and characterized. The average emission factors for PM (EF PM ) from excavator and truck emissions were 829 ± 806 and 498 ± 234 mg kg −1 fuel, respectively. EF PM and PM constituents were significantly affected by fuel quality, operational mode, and emission standards. A significant correlation (R 2 = 0.79, p < 0.01) was found between EF PM for excavators and the sulfur contents in fuel. The highest average EF PM for working excavators was 904 ± 979 mg kg −1 fuel as a higher engine load required in this mode. From pre-stage 1 to stage 2, the average EF PM for excavators decreased by 58 %. For trucks, the average nonhighway EF PM at 548 ± 311 mg kg −1 fuel was higher than the highway EF PM at 497 ± 231 mg kg −1 fuel. Moreover, the reduction rates were 63.5 and 65.6 % when switched from China II and III to China IV standards, respectively. Generally, the PM composition emitted from excavators was dominated by OC (39.2 ± 21.0 %) and EC (33.3 ± 25.9 %); PM from trucks was dominated by EC (26.9 ± 20.8 %), OC (9.89 ± 12 %), and WSIs (4.67 ± 5.74 %). The average OC / EC ratios for idling and working excavators were 3 to 4 times higher than those for moving excavators. Although the EF PM for excavators and trucks was reduced with the constraint of regulations, the element fractions for excavators increased from 0.49 % in pre-stage 1 to 3.03 % in stage 2, and the fraction of WSIs for the China IV truck was 5 times higher than the average value of all other-level trucks. Furthermore, as compared with other diesel vehicles, wide ranges were found for excavators of the ratios of benzo operation modes. A comparison of our results with those in the literature revealed that on-board measurement data more accurately reflect actual conditions. Although the fractions of the 16 priority PAHs in PM from the excavator and truck emissions were similar, the equivalent concentrations of total benzo[a]pyrene of excavators were 31 times than that for trucks, implying that more attention should be paid to non-road vehicle emissions.

show abstract

State-of-the-art outlook for light-duty vehicle emission control standards and technologies in China

Lyu

Bao

Zhu

et al. 2020

Clean Techn Environ Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fuel quality management versus vehicle emission control in China, status quo and future perspectives

Cited by 54 publications

References 9 publications

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Measurement of PM and its chemical composition in real-world emissions from non-road and on-road diesel vehicles

State-of-the-art outlook for light-duty vehicle emission control standards and technologies in China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About