Fuel cells for portable applications

Dyer, C. K.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(01)01069-2

Cited by 689 publications

(363 citation statements)

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“…[1][2][3] Nevertheless, issues such as water management and methanol crossover still limit the widespread commercial application of DMFC. [4][5][6][7][8] In particular, the permeation of methanol from the anode to the cathode presents a negative effect on the open circuit voltage, fuel efficiency utilization, and its overall performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Utilization of Carbon Nanocoil-supported PtRu Anode Catalyst by Applying Anode Microporous Layer for Improved Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Performance

et al. 2015

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The application of a microporous layer (MPL) between the gas diffusion layer and the catalyst layer (CL) plays a crucial role in the performance of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). To this end, this study investigates the effects of carbon loading and the nature of the carbon material used in the anode MPL on the performance of DMFC using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, polarization technique, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). DMFC was indigenously fabricated using 30 wt% PtRu catalyst supported on carbon nanocoil and commercial Pt catalyst as the anode CL and the cathode CL, respectively. Carbon nanoballoon (CNB) and Vulcan XC-72R (Vulcan) were used as the anode MPL. According to polarization studies, a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with CNB and Vulcan MPLs (loading of 1.5 mg cm −2 ) shows higher power density. This is 1.3 and 1.8 times higher than that without the anode MPL when methanol concentration was 0.5 M (M = mol dm −3 ), respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) results indicate that the MEAs with the anode MPLs have lower highfrequency resistance and charge transfer resistance when compared to those without the anode MPL. Thus, it can be realized that the anode MPL plays a significant role in the effective utilization of CNC-supported PtRu anode catalyst, thereby improving DMFC performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Utilization of Carbon Nanocoil-supported PtRu Anode Catalyst by Applying Anode Microporous Layer for Improved Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Performance

et al. 2015

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“…DMFC powered laptops announced by NEC in 2003). DMFCs are amenable to such applications due to the good energy density (theoretically up to 5 -10 times that of batteries) of liquid methanol [16,17]. Another benefit of using DMFCs instead of batteries is "instant" refuelling (also referred to as "hot-refuelling") when utilising a plugin methanol cartridge.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prospects for Alkaline Anion‐Exchange Membranes in Low Temperature Fuel Cells

Varcoe¹,

2005

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This article introduces the radical approach of applying alkaline anion-exchange membranes (AAEMs) to meet the current challenges with regards to direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).A review of the literature is presented with regards to the testing of fuel cells with alkaline membranes (fuelled with hydrogen or methanol) and also to candidate alkaline anionexchange membranes for such an application. A brief review of the directly related patent literature is also included. Current and future research challenges are identified along with potential strategies to overcome them. Finally, the advantages and challenges with the direct electrochemical oxidation of alternative fuels are discussed, along with how the application of alkaline membranes in such fuel cells may assist in improving performance and fuel efficiency. KeywordsLow temperature, Alkaline anion-exchange membrane, Direct methanol fuel cell, Polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

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“…H 2 is the fuel of choice for many types of fuel cells under development for propulsion and power generation applications [14,15]. Employing hydrogen hydrate as an energy carrier has attracted interest [3][4][5], primarily since oxidation of H 2 produces no greenhouse gas carbon emissions (although H 2 produced by reforming or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon fuels does have an associated carbon footprint).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Storage Capacity of Tetrahydrofuran and Tetra-N-Butylammonium Bromide Hydrates Under Favorable Thermodynamic Conditions

Weissman¹,

Masutani

2017

Energies

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An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of employing binary hydrates as a medium for H 2 storage. Two reagents, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB), which had been reported previously to have potential to form binary hydrates with H 2 under favorable conditions (i.e., low pressures and high temperatures), were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. A scale-up facility was employed to quantify the hydrogen storage capacity of THF binary hydrate. Gas chromatography (GC) and pressure drop analyses indicated that the weight percentages of H 2 in hydrate were less than 0.1%. The major conclusions of this investigation were: (1) H 2 can be stored in binary hydrates at relatively modest pressures and temperatures which are probably feasible for transportation applications; and (2) the storage capacity of H 2 in binary hydrate formed from aqueous solutions of THF over a concentration range extending from 2.78 to 8.34 mol % and at temperatures above 263 K and pressures below 11 MPa was <0.1 wt %.

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Fuel cells for portable applications

Cited by 689 publications

References 1 publication

Effective Utilization of Carbon Nanocoil-supported PtRu Anode Catalyst by Applying Anode Microporous Layer for Improved Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Performance

Effective Utilization of Carbon Nanocoil-supported PtRu Anode Catalyst by Applying Anode Microporous Layer for Improved Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Performance

Prospects for Alkaline Anion‐Exchange Membranes in Low Temperature Fuel Cells

Hydrogen Storage Capacity of Tetrahydrofuran and Tetra-N-Butylammonium Bromide Hydrates Under Favorable Thermodynamic Conditions

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