Fuel Cell Power Model Version 2: Startup Guide, System Designs, and Case Studies. Modeling Electricity, Heat, and Hydrogen Generation from Fuel Cell-Based Distributed Energy Systems

Analysis of combined hydrogen, heat, and power as a bridge to a hydrogen transition.

“…The error bars shown on each series represent the standard deviations from the mean of the sample. 5 The growth in the error bars as penetration increases illustrates the tendency of a small difference in the early stages to increase -both absolutely and fractionally -as a result of the positive feedback between driver agent HPV purchases and investor agent siting of HFSs. Thus, in the early years, the differences between the curves are 5 ܵ.…”

“…Indeed, the decision as to whether a CHHP plant should sell hydrogen to motorists may be driven by factors other than financial ones, such as legislative requirements. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has already developed models to analyze the financial implications of CHHP systems using molten carbonate and phosphoric acid fuel cells [5]. The strength of our model, and thus the focus of our analysis, is to examine how the presence of such facilities could affect the transition, assuming that the proper conditions (in terms of technology, economy, and/or policy) exist to make the deployment of CHHPs -and their selling of hydrogen as an ancillary service -feasible.…”

“…The default parameters characterizing HDFs are based on the report and accompanying spreadsheets produced by NREL to investigate the economic basis for CHHPs [5]. The report details a case study of a 200-kW molten carbonate fuel cell that is used to produce 29,700 kg/yr (81 kg/day) of hydrogen, at a cost of $8.57/kg as dispensed [5].…”

“…The report details a case study of a 200-kW molten carbonate fuel cell that is used to produce 29,700 kg/yr (81 kg/day) of hydrogen, at a cost of $8.57/kg as dispensed [5]. We choose HDFs of the same capacity for the first example and assume that 10 percent of the hydrogen produced will be used on site, leaving 73 kg/day for sale to the public.…”

Optimization of machining processes from the perspective of energy consumption: A case study

“…Simulation is found to be an appropriate means to estimate energy cost over the lifecycle of a product. Among many research efforts [17][18][19][20][21], Sekulic and Sankara [20] reported an interesting work to quantify the energy cost based on thermodynamics. Their approach might be helpful in determining the theoretically minimal energy that is required by manufacturing operations as well as in modeling the energy conversion processes.…”