Fuel cell/electrochemical capacitor hybrid for intermittent high power applications

Pt/C obtained from carbon with different treatments and (NH4)2PtCl6 as a Pt precursor

“…Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are used as a clean alternative to generate electricity in several applications [1][2][3][4]. At its heart, a PEM fuel cell contains an electrocatalyst, which can be a Pt-metal alloy [5,6], but more often it is pure Pt metal.…”

“…As can be seen in Table 1, hexachloroplatinic acid (H 2 PtCl 6 ) and tetrammineplatinum (II) chloride (Pt(NH 3 ) 4 Cl 2 ) have been traditionally used as Pt precursors, and supported on different carbonaceous materials using a range of different methods. These compounds have decomposition temperatures of 350 and 375 8C, respectively, and are highly soluble in water.…”

Integration of supercapacitors with enzymatic biobatteries toward more effective pulse-powered use in small-scale energy harvesting devices

“…Electrochemical capacitors (supercapacitors) are often selected as power supports for various energy devices that include secondary batteries [26][27][28][29][30] and fuel cells [31][32][33][34][35], but, except a preliminary study [36], they have been barely so far considered as complementary power units coupled with enzymatic power sources. Electrochemical supercapacitors offer important features including high specific power (up to 1 kW kg -1 ), allowing for large amount of energy to be delivered in a short period of time at low cost per cycle and great durability [37][38][39][40].…”

State-of-charge prediction of batteries and battery–supercapacitor hybrids using artificial neural networks

“…Batteries, supercapacitors, and their hybrid combination are all significant contributing technologies. Hybrid systems containing a battery and a supercapacitor have been experimentally demonstrated to exhibit longer operating times when compared to systems with batteries alone under repetitive high load and high current pulse conditions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”