Fuel and chemicals from wet lignocellulosic biomass waste streams by hydrothermal carbonization

Burguete, Pedro; Corma, Avelino; Hitzl, Martin; Modrego, Rubén; Ponce, Estefanía; Renz, Michael

doi:10.1039/c5gc02296g

Cited by 77 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Therefore, the enhanced syngas quality may be attributed to the high amount of AAEMs in hydrochar, which are known to act as catalysts during gasification. However, it should be noted that not all inorganic elements will favor hydrogen production, in terms of silicon [45] and aluminum [46]. According to Bouraoui et al [25], the ratio of sum of iron and AAEMs having a catalytic effect (K, Na, Mg, Ca) to the sum of inorganic elements having an inhibiting influence (Si, Al) was defined as a catalytic index…”

Section: Gas Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-rich gas production by steam gasification of hydrochar derived from sewage sludge

Gai

Guo

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

148

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Steam Alkali catalyst Hydrogen Hydrothermal carbonization a b s t r a c tHydrothermal carbonization is an effective pretreatment for further thermal conversion of high moisture biomass without a high cost of a dehydration process. The current paper concerns the properties of hydrochar derived from hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge, and the feasibility of steam gasification of hydrochar for hydrogen-rich gas production was investigated. Sewage sludge derived hydrochar was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy to evaluate its feasibility for gasification application. The effect of reaction temperature, steam to biomass mass ratio, and addition of alkali catalysts on steam gasification characteristics of raw sewage sludge and corresponding hydrochar were evaluated, in terms of major composition of the produced gas, gas yield, gasification efficiency and energy density. The results showed that sewage sludge derived hydrochar was rich in hydrophilic functional groups and increased Fe, Ni, alkali and alkaline earth metals (i.e. K, Na, Ca, Mg), resulting in a higher hydrogen yield and energy efficiency than direct steam gasification of sewage sludge under identical conditions. In addition, hydrogen-rich gas production was also favored with the presence of alkali catalysts, especially for the hydrochar. The present study demonstrates that hydrothermal carbonization provides an effective pretreatment of sewage sludge for production of hydrogen-rich gas via steam gasification.

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Section: Gas Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-rich gas production by steam gasification of hydrochar derived from sewage sludge

Gai

Guo

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

148

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“…A major advantage of HTC over DT is the ability to utilize wet feedstocks and avoid the complexity and cost of pre-drying. This feedstock flexibility is illustrated in numerous recent literature reports describing use of HTC to treat food wastes [13][14][15], agricultural residues [16][17][18][19], sewage sludge [20,21], municipal solid waste [22,23], pulp mill streams [24][25][26][27], and other feedstocks [28][29][30][31][32]. Kambo and Dutta recently compared DT and HTC processes, along with their respective solid products [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of loblolly pine using a continuous, reactive twin-screw extruder

Hoekman

Broch

Felix

et al. 2017

Energy Conversion and Management

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has become an accepted means of converting a wide variety of lignocellulosic feedstocks into solid hydrochars, which have improved physical and chemical properties compared to raw biomass. To date, HTC applications have involved batch or semicontinuous process systems, which has limited their economic viability. The work presented here describes a fully-continuous HTC process, made possible by use of a specially modified twinscrew extruder (TSE). The reaction time within this fast HTC (FHTC) reactor system is very short (20-30 sec.) as compared to a typical batch reactor. Therefore, the concept of reaction "severity factor" is used when comparing the FHTC products with those produced in other reactor systems. While solid hydrochar produced in the FHTC system has different physical properties than hydrochar from batch reactor systems, these materials exhibit similar energy densification and pelletization behavior, when produced under comparable severity conditions. However, total hydrochar yields are considerably higher from the FHTC reactor compared to batch reactor systems. This is a consequence of the de-pressurization process in the FHTC system, whereby most water-soluble organic products are retained in the hydrochar, rather than exiting the process in a separate aqueous product stream. FHTC treatment of loblolly pine at a severity factor of 5.3 (290 °C) produced a hydrochar yield of nearly 85% (based on dry feedstock mass). Condensation of the flashed vapor products provided a relatively clean water stream, containing only 1.2% organicsprimarily furfural and acetic acid. Recovery of these organics and recycling of the condensed water would further improve the cost-effectiveness of FHTC operations.

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“…If desired, the raw hydrochar can be characterized chemically by elemental analysis 26,27 . Thereby, the carbon content is indicative of the carbonization degree.…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of Organic Household Leftovers into a Peat Substitute

Hernández-Soto

Hernández-Latorre²,

Oliver-Tomas

et al. 2019

JoVE

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A two-step procedure is described for the synthesis of a carbon material with a similar composition and properties as peat. The produced hydrochar is made suitable for agricultural applications by removing plant growing inhibitory substances. Wet household waste such as fruit peel, coffee grounds, inedible vegetable parts, or wet lignocellulosic material in general, are treated in presence of water at 215 °C and 21 bar in an autoclave, i.e., by hydrothermal carbonization. All these leftovers have a considerable water content of up to 90 weight % (wt%). Adding water extends the procedure to drier materials such as nutshells or even garden prunings and compostable polymers, i.e., the plastic bag for collection of the leftovers. Usually, the resulting carbon material, called hydrochar, produces a negative effect on plant growth when added to soil. It is supposed that this effect is caused by adsorbed phytotoxic compounds. A simple post-treatment under inert atmosphere (absence of oxygen) at 275 °C removes these substances. Therefore, the raw hydrochar is placed on a glass frit of a vertical tubular quartz reactor. A nitrogen gas flow is applied in down-flow direction. The tube is heated to the desired temperature by means of a heating mantle for up to one hour. The success of the thermal treatment is easily quantified by thermogravimetry (TG), carried out in air. A weight loss is determined when the temperature of 275 °C is reached, since volatile content is desorbed. Its amount is reduced in the final material, in comparison to the untreated hydrochar. The two-step treatment converts household leftovers, including compostable bags employed for their collection, into a carbon material that may serve as plant growth promoter and, at the same time, as a carbon sink for climate change mitigation.

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Fuel and chemicals from wet lignocellulosic biomass waste streams by hydrothermal carbonization

Cited by 77 publications

References 38 publications

Hydrogen-rich gas production by steam gasification of hydrochar derived from sewage sludge

Hydrogen-rich gas production by steam gasification of hydrochar derived from sewage sludge

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of loblolly pine using a continuous, reactive twin-screw extruder

Transformation of Organic Household Leftovers into a Peat Substitute

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